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STANHOPE

1810

STANLEY

large money amassings he gave property to the value of $20,000,000 to found, in memory of a deceased son, a university at Palo Alto, to be known as the Leland Stanford Junior University — a princely and most useful benefaction. See PALO ALTO.

Stan'hope, Lady Hester Lucy, was born at London, England, March 12, 1776. For three years she lived with her uncle, William Pitt, as the manager of his household and his most trusted confidant, and at his death was given a pension by the king. In 1810 she began the life that made her famous, wandering on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean and. settling in 1814 among the half-savage tribes of Mount Lebanon. She adopteQ. the customs, costume and religion of the Mohammedans, and obtained great influence over the people, who looked upon her as a prophetess. The old convent where she lived was fortified and garrisoned by Albanians and became a refuge for all who needed help. She is said to have sheltered several hundred refugees after the siege of Acre. Her last years were spent in poverty, and she died near Mount Lebanon, with only natives around her, June 23, 1839. See Memoirs, published by Dr. Meryon.

Stanhope, Philip Henry, Earl, an English historian, was born at Kent, England, Jan. 31, 1805. He studied at Oxford and entered the house of commons, where he helped to secure the passing of the Copyright Act in 1842. His historical works, which rank very high, are War of the Succession in Spain; History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles; and History of Spain under Charles II. He also wrote lives of Belisarius, Conde' and Pitt, and edited Chesterfield's Letters. He is also known by his courtesy title of Lord Mahon. He died at Bournemouth, England, Dec. 22, 1875.

Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn, dean of Westminster, was born at Alderley, Cheshire, England, Dec. 13, 1815. He was educated at Rugby, under Dr. Arnold, and at Oxford. At Rugby he was mentioned as the delicate boy in Tom Brown's Schooldays, who, trembling with fear, still knelt to say his prayers in spite of the jeers and rough usage of his companions. At Oxford he took the Ireland scholarship, the Newdigate prize for a poem and a first-class degree; was made a Fellow of University College; and after traveling in the east became a tutor in the college. In 1851 he became canon of Canterbury; in 1856 professor of ecclesiastical history and canon of Christ Church; and in 1863 dean of Westminster. As a preacher at Westminster Abbey he had a wide influence, and a great multitude thronged the church whenever it was known that he was to preach. As a leader of the Broad-Church party, he invited clergymen of the Scottish church and of

the Free-Churchmen of England to address his evening congregations. In 1852-3 he traveled in Egypt and Palestine, gaining material for his work on Sinai and Palestine (1856), and in Russia in 1857, embodying the results of the journey in his pictures of the life and history of Russia found in his Eastern Church. He was the author of Thomas Arnold, Memorials of Canterbury, Memorials of Westminster Abbey and of lectures and addresses. He died at Westminster, July 18, 1881, and was buried by his wife in Henry VII's Chapel. See Life by Oliver and Bradley's Recollections.

Stanley,   Henry   Morton,    the   African explorer,  was born near Denbigh,  Wales,                  Jan. 28, 1841. His

name was John Rowlands, and at 14 he worked his way as a cabin-boy to New Orleans, where he obtained employment in the office of a merchant named Stanley, whose name he afterwards took. After the death of the merchant he entered the Confederate army, was taken prisoner, and later served in the United States navy. In 1867 he was a correspondent for the New York Tribune in an Indian expedition, and in the same year entered the service of the New York Herald. In 1867 he accompanied Lord Napier's expedition to Abyssinia as special correspondent for the Herald, and such were his enterprise and skill that the news of the fall of Mag-dala first reached the British government through the New York Herald. While in Spain, still acting as a newspaper-correspondent, he was called to Paris, where he received the order from ^o editor of the Herald to "find Livingstone." Traveling by way of Egypt, Palestine, Turkey, Persia and India, in January of 1871 he reached Zanzibar, and in March set out on his first journey into the heart of the dark continent. Two white men who started with him turned back, but Stanley pressed on with his band of natives, showing the courage and perseverance which have given him so high a place in the long roll of African explorers. He found Livingstone on Nov. 10 at Ujiji on Lake Tanganyika, and stayed with him four months, exploring the northern end of the lake and proving that it has no connection with the Nile. He reached England in August, 1872, where he was received with enthusiasm by the whole nation. How I Found Livingstone, published in the following November, had an enormous sale. As correspondent for the Herald he was in the Ashanti cam-

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