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SHENANDOAH

SHERIDAN

Skylark. Shelley and Williams, his friend, were drowned in a sudden storm on the Gulf of Spezia, July 8, 1822, and the ashes of his body, which was burned in the presence of Byron, Leigh Hunt and Trelawney, were buried at Rome. See Lives by Dowden, Hogg, Rossetti, Sharp and Lady Shelley.

Shenandoah (shen'nd-dd'd), Pa., a borough of Schuylkill County, in the heart of the anthracite region, on the Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania and Reading railroads, 13 miles northeast of Pottsville, the county-seat, and 84 northwest of Philadelphia. In the 15 colleries in the immediate neighborhood a large number of miners are employed, which greatly aids the town. It has a hat and cap factory, an underwear factory, printing-establishments, machine-shops, mining-tool works, foundries and other industries, two breweries, several banks, good schools and churches. Population 2^,7^4.

Shenandoah, a river in Virginia, draining the valley between the Blue Ridge and the Alleghenies and running northeast 170 miles to the Potomac at Harper's Ferry. It passes through the richest part of Virginia, and was occupied by both armies, at different times, during the Civil War and was the scene of numerous battles. See SHERIDAN.

Sher'brooke, Can., county-seat of the county of that name in Quebec, is a city of 11,765, the metropolis of the eastern townships. It is at the meeting of Magog and St. Francis Rivers on the Canadian Pacific, Grand Trunk and Quebec Central railways. It is the center of an extensive lumber-trade and of numerous manufactures.

Shere All (shera'le), emir of Afghanistan (1863-79), was born in 1825 and died in Russian Turkestan, February, 1879. He had many vicissitudes as a ruler, from the rivalry of those who aspired to the Afghan throne and from the intrigues of Russia, which sought to bring Afghanistan (or Afghan Turkestan) within the sphere of Russian influence. Shere AH welcomed a political mission from Russia, but declined to receive an English embassy; this aroused the fear of England for its Indian frontiers. Negotiations were fruitless, and the English, pushing forward, occupied Jelalabad and Kandahar. Shere Ali fled to Russian territory, but Yakub, his son, in 1879 proclaimed emir, resisted the further advance of the British; but peace was declared at Gandamak on condition of the emir receiving a British resident at Kabul. This resident was treacherously slain, however, and a religious war was proclaimed. Kandahar now was garrisoned by British troops, and to relieve them Roberts (see ROBERTS, LORD) made his famous march to Kandahar, routed the Afghans, and installed Abdur Rahman (who died in Oct. of 1901) on the throne. See AFGHANISTAN and INDIA.

PHILIP H, SHERIDAN

Sher'idan, Philip Henry, American general, was born at Albany, N. Y., March 6, 1831, his parents having arrived from Ireland a few weeks previous to his birth. Soon after his birth the ^ family removed to Ohio, where his >yhoodwas spent. He was appointed a cadet at West Point, where he graduated in 1853 and was assigned to the 3d infantry as brevet second-lieutenant. When the Civil War broke out, he was a captain in the i3th infantry and was made quartermaster of the Federal army in Missouri. Seeking more active service he was assigned as colonel of the ad Michigan cavalry, where he soon displayed the qualities which later won worldwide fame. He was soon placed in command of a brigade and then of a division of the army of Ohio. He took part in the battle of Perryville, and won promotion to major-general by his brilliant service in the bloody battle of Stone River on Jan. 2 and 3, 1863, where his^iivision lost over i ,600 men. He also distinguished himself at Missionary Ridge. When Grant was placed at the head of all the armies, he gave Sheridan command of the cavalry of the army of the Potomac. Here he soon distinguished himself in the Wilderness campaign by his celebrated raid around the Confederate army, cutting their lines of communication, advancing nearly to Richmond, and defeating the Confederate cavalry at Yellow Tavern under Stuart (q. v.), their renowned leader, who was killed in the fight. In July, when a strong Confederate force under Early had defeated the Federal army in the Shenandoah Valley, penetrating into Maryland and threatening Washington, Grant saw the necessity of putting that department in the hands of an able general, and in August he placed Sheridan in command in the Shenandoah, with instructions to drive the Confederates out of the valley. Sheridan attacked Early at Winchester and again at Fisher's Hill, defeating him at both points, capturing 5,000 prisoners and many guns, and pursuing them to Stanton. In recognition of this service he was made brigadier-general in the regular army. Early's army, receiving large re-enforcements from Lee, again advanced into the valley, surprised the Federal army at Cedar Creek in the early morning of October 19, and drove them back in confusion. Sheridan, who had been called to headquarters at Washington, had reached Winchester on his return, when