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SANTA GLAUS

1676

SANTIAGO DE CUBA

petroleum, various minerals and medicinal springs are found, which attract many tourists. Santa Barbara has public and manual-training schools and three libraries. Within a mile is Santa Barbara Mission (still in use), founded in 1786 by Father Junipero Serra. The city has a harbor and railroad facilities. Population 11,659.

Santa Glaus, a corruption of the name of St. Nicholas. The term was first used by the Dutch settlers of New York, who kept a San Claus holiday^. Santa Glaus is held to be the patron saint of the young, and his feast, held on Dec. 6, was celebrated formerly in England and still is in Germany. Now the visit of Santa Claus bearing gifts to the children is transferred to Christmas.

Santa Cruz', Cal., a prosperous city of Santa Clara County, 60 miles south of San Francisco on the Bay of Monterey. It is in a fruit-belt, but also engages in manufacturing. Chief among its productions are powder, soap, boxes, bitumen, leather and lead. The city has excellent public and parochial schools, a business college and a public library. It has the service of two railroads, a fine bathing-beach and good public buildings. Population 11,146.

Santa F4 (s&n'ta-fd')9 N. M., the capital of New Mexico, is among the Rocky Mountains, 6,840 feet above the sea and 1,327 miles southwest of Chicago. The site is a mountain-walled basin, 20 miles from the Rio Grande. Half the people are Mexicans, dwelling in low adobe houses on narrow streets. The plaza lias shops on three sides, and on the other the old governor's palace, a long, low, adobe building. The climate is so dry that irrigation is necessary for gardening or farming. When first seen by the Spaniards about 1542, the town was a well-peopled Indian pueblo. It was founded in 1605, and has been the capital since 1640. The Indians captured it, burned the main buildings, and drove out the whites in 1680. The Indians again made an attack in 1837, but were driven off by the Mexican governor, Manuel Armijo. General Kearny occupied it with United States troops in 1846. During the Civil War the Confederates held Santa Fe* for a few weeks in the spring of 1862. Santa Fe has three public-school buildings, fine churches, a u. S. Indian ochool, a deaf and dumb school and the penitentiary. The city has a fine waterworks and electric light system. Its points of interest are many and historical, as the church of San Miguel, the oldest church in the United States, and the governor's palace built in 1598. Population 5,072.

Santa Ro'sa, Cal., county-seat of Sonoma County, about sixty miles northwest of San Francisco. It is in a fertile section, where, in addition to fruit-growing, hops are a crop, and stock-raising and dairying are

practiced. The chief industrial establishments are carriage-works, soap-factories, flour-mills, machine-shops, fruit-drying and canning works and a brewery. Santa Rosa is served by the California Northwestern and Southern Pacific railroads. Population

7,817-

Santiago (san'te-a'go), the capital of Chile, stands on a wide and beautiful plain near the western base of the Andes, 1,700 feet above the sea-level and 115 miles southeast of Valparaiso. The town is well-built, but most of the houses are only one story high, owing to earthquakes. The chief square is Plaza Independencia, its sides formed by the government palaces, arcades, cathedral, archbishop's palace and a handsome hotel. On the site of the Jesuit Church, which was burned down in 1853, is a marble and bronze monument in memory of the 2,000 worshipers, mostly women, who perished in the fire. The government buildings include the capitol, mint, president's dwelling, prison, two hospitals and a deaf and dumb asylum. The Alameda, with four rows of fine poplars, runs the whole length of the city and is adorned with many statues. Facing it are the State University with 2,500 and the National Institute with 2,148 students. There are other special schools, besides a national library of 116,300 volumes, botanical and zoological gardens, exposition buildings, theaters and club-houses. Santiago is surrounded by pretty suburbs dotted with villas and gardens bright with flowers. TLo^ are considerable trade and a busy stock-exchange. Cloth, ship-biscuits, beer, ice etc. are manufactured. Santiago was founded by Pedro de Valdivia in 1541. Population 332,-720. See CHILE.

Santiago de Cuba (san'te-a'go da kofi'ba), a southeastern province of Cuba; also a fortified city, seaport and former capital of the island, situated near the mouth of River Santiago, fronting a harbor four miles long on the southern coast. American administration of the city and province was in July, 1898, intrusted to Maj.-Gen. Leonard Wood, and was ably conducted. He effected many reforms and did much to improve sanitary conditions and secure good and orderly government. He also established public schools, instituted courts of law, and constructed roads inland and along the coast. The region is rich in metals, including iron, copper and manganese, and in forests of cabinet-woods, as mahogany and cedar, besides dye-woods and other elements of wealth. Its chief products, however, are sugar and tobacco; while in the city there are many cigar factories, foundries and saw-mills.

On the outbreak of the Spanish-American war the Spanish fleet under Admiral Cer-vera was in West Indian waters; on May 20, 1898, this squadron entered the harbor of Santiago and was at once blockaded by a United States fleet, commanded by Admiral