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ORAN

1388

ORANGEMEN

Oran (o-ranf}, a city in Algeria, is situated on the Gulf of Oran, 260 miles southwest of Algiers. The harbor is protected by moles, built in 1880. The city lies at the foot of a hill, defended by forts, and has two citadels. There are a Roman Catholic cathedral, a Mohammedan mosque, a military hospital, a college and a seminary. The principal exports are alfa, iron-ore and grain. The city was founded by the Moors, and in the isth century was very prosperous. It was famed for cloth, arms and fine public buildings. In 1509 the Spaniards, after taking it, made a penal settlement of it. Captured by the Turks in 1708, it was retaken by the Spaniards in 1732, who abandoned it in 1790 after it was almost destroyed by an earthquake. The French took possession in 1831. Population 85,801. Oran is also a department in Algeria, area 44,616 square miles, with a population, embracing both the military and the civil territory, of 1,122,358.

Or'ange, the fruit of Gurus aurantium and its varieties. To the same genus belong the

ORANGE

limes, citrons, grape-fruits etc. All the species of the genus are natives of tropical and subtropical Asia, but are now extensively cultivated throughout the warmer regions of the world. In the United States orange cultivation centers in Florida, the delta region of the Mississippi and in California. Portions of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona are well-adat>ted for commercial cultivation.

The orange was introduced into this country by the early Spanish explorers, here increased and formed wild groves of large extent. It is a long-lived tree, bears to a great age, is evergreen, and its glossy leaves are set off by snowy blossoms of exceeding fragrance. Blossom, green and ripe fruit may be seen at one time on the same tree. In cultivation it rarely exceeds 30 feet in height, and is a low-branching tree. It is attacked by various diseases, rot, blight and mould, and requires careful cultivation and watching. Scale insects have worked much damage to the orange crop. The red scale is kept in check by fumigating and by spraying. The white or fluted scale, formerly very destructive in California, has been practically vanquished by the Australian ladybird. Oranges are usually cut by hand and kept a few days before packing. There are numerous cultivated forms, the so-called navel oranges being an accidental variation. Among the commoner forms are the common sweet orange, a native of India, among whose most prized cultural forms are the Washington navel and Riverside navel; and the mandarin or kid-glove orange, a native of China, various cultivated forms being known as mandarins and tangerines.

Orange, N. J., a city of Essex County, 12 miles west of New York. The name also includes parts of the townships of East, West and South Orange, all suburbs of New York, often called the Oranges. The region is laid out in beautiful parks, with elegant, homes, rising above each other, ending in a broad crest on the top of Orange Mountain, 650 feet in height. Llewellyn Park (50 acres) is on the eastern slope of the mountain in West Orange and contains many fine residences. Near it is the Edison laboratory. The chief manufacturing establishments are hat factories and printing plants. Among its prominent buildings are Music Hall, Masonic Temple, the Metropolitan and Decker buildings, Orange Memorial Hospital and the House of the Good Shepherd. The city has excellent public and parochial schools, a training school for nurses, a city library and Stickley Memorial Library. At South Orange are Seton Hall (R. C.) for men and boys and a theological seminary. Population 29,630.

Orangemen, an association of Scotch-Irish Protestants founded in 1795 in the north of Ireland for the purpose of sustaining the Protestant religion and upholding the authority of the sovereign and the laws of the United Kingdom. It originated and chiefly flourishes in Ulster, but is found in other parts of the United Kingdom, in the British colonies and in the United States. The association derives its name from William III, Prince of Orari'ge. It declined after 1813, but revived in 1827. It was dissolved by the House of Commons as a secret order in 1830, but revived in 1845. I*1 October, 1857, the lord-chancellor of Ireland