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  educational institutions and the service of five railroads. Population 25,580.  Og′densburg, N. Y., a city and port of entry in St. Lawrence County, on the St. Lawrence and connected by steam ferry with Prescott, Ontario. The city lies 175 miles northwest of Albany, and has communication by river westward to the Great Lakes and eastward by Montreal and Quebec to the Atlantic. By rail it is served by the Rutland Railroad and the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad. It has a large grain and lumber trade, and manufactures silk, flour, gloves, dressskirts, leather and brass goods, lumber and lumber-products. Among the prominent buildings are the custom-house, state armory, public library, state insane hospital, Saint John de Deo's Hospital (quarantine), an orphanage and a home for the aged. Besides a creditable school-system the city owns a public-school, free academy and Saint Mary's Academy (free). Population 15,933.  Oglesby, Richard James, American soldier and statesman, was born in Oldham County, Ky., July 25, 1824. Working at the carpenter's trade and studying law until he was twenty, he began practice in 1845 at Sullivan, Ill. He served as a first-lieutenant in the Mexican War, and at its close he returned to his profession at Decatur. On the outbreak of the Civil War he resigned his seat in the state senate, to which he had been elected in 1860, and plunged into the contest, leaving for the front at the head of the Eighth Illinois. He participated in the battles of Ft. Henry and Donelson, commanding a brigade in each. He was severely wounded at Corinth, but in April, 1863, he returned to duty as, a major-general in command of the sixteenth corps. He was elected governor of Illinois, and served in that capacity from 1865 to 1869. He was re-elected in 1872, but was chosen United States senator in January of 1873. He was governor again from 1885 to 1889, and died at Elkhart, Ill., April 24, 1899.  O′glethorpe, James Edward, an English general and founder of Georgia, was born at London, Dec. 21, 1698. He served in the army, and was thirty years in Parliament. He planned a colony in America as a refuge for debtors, then imprisoned in jails, and for persecuted German Protestants. George II gave the land, which was named Georgia after him, Parliament contributed $50,000, and in 1733 he took out 130 persons and founded Savannah. Another party, including the two Wesleys, went out in 1735, and in 1738 Ogelthorpe returned to Georgia with a regiment of 600 men, in anticipation of a war with Spain. He invaded Florida, was unsuccessful in an attack on St. Augustine, but repulsed a Spanish invasion of Georgia. He left the colony in 1743, and surrendered the charter to the

British government in 1752. He died in England, Jan. 30, 1785. See Life by Bruce.  O′gowe″ or Ogoway, a river in the western part of Africa, that flows into the Atlantic near Cape Lopez. In the rainy season it is a deep, broad stream, though numerous islands and sand-banks prevent large vessels from ascending it. In the dry season it shrinks to a narrow current. The river was discovered by Du Chaillu in 1856.  Ohi′o. The state took for its own the name of the river, called by the French explorers “The Beautiful,” and by the Indians, some combination of vowels and consonants which by use was worn and softened into Ohio. The state extends through about three and a half degrees of latitude and about four and a quarter degrees of longitude, the lessening length of the latter leaving the state nearly square—a shield in shape—with an area of something near 40,000 square miles. It lies between Michigan and Lake Erie on the north, Pennsylvania and West Virginia on the east, West Virginia and Kentucky on the south and Indiana on the west. Population 4,767,121.

Surface. Along the Ohio, whose low-water line on the right shore forms part of the eastern and all of the southern boundary, the surface is hilly, and here and there the scenery is extremely beautiful. West and north it is rolling, in places nearly level, though a general rise allows a point in Logan County, west of the central meridian, the honor of being the highest. The state is drained by a goodly number of streams which wind through fertile valleys on their way to the Ohio or to Lake Erie. The valleys of the south-flowing rivers, outside of the glacial area, are bordered by drift-terraces upon which are mounds, once the sites of Indian villages. Of the streams flowing to the lake, some find or have created excellent harbors at their mouths, as the Maumee and Sandusky, in bays of the same name.

Climate. The rise and fall of the mercury indicate a climate of extremes, and February and June this year are not copies of those months last year, and give no ground for a guess what they will be like next year. It was said by one of old time, whose humor leaned to truth's side, that: “Ohio has no climate but in its stead a great variety of weather samples.” The rainfall by the year is usually sufficient, though “very wet” and “very dry” are sometimes not many miles apart. Some of the rivers, notably the Ohio, are subject to floods, which write their history in the desolation they leave behind them.

Natural Resources. The chief gifts that nature offers are coal, sandstone, limestone, iron ore, petroleum, gas, gypsum, the forests, fish in the creeks, rivers and lakes and various kinds of clay. In the east and southeast the carboniferous area underlies some 10,000 square miles. Here “coal-banks” are 