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MATHESON

1189

MATTOON

able  Providences. He  died  on   Aug. 23, 1723. Math'eson, Most  Reverend  Samuel P.,

was born in 1852, and studied at St. John's, Manitoba. He was ordained in 1875, and in 1882 became professor of exegetical theology and dean of St. John's Cathedral, Winnipeg. He was treasurer of St. John's in 1889, dean of Rupertsland in 1902, and prolocutor of the general synod of Canada in the same year. He was consecrated bishop administrator of Rupertsland in 1903, archbishop in 1905. The whole of the Hudson Bay country (or Prince Rupert's Land) was at one time included in this diocese. It was erected into a see in 1849, the Hudson Bay Company contributing to its funds. Eight dioceses have been formed out of this since 1872.

Math'ew, Theobald, commonly known as Father Mathew, the Irish apostle of temperance, was born at Thomastown, Tip-perary, Oct. 10, 1790. He studied for the priesthood and entered the order of the Capuchins. As a Capuchin father at Cork, he found that the poverty and wretchedness of his people were in great measure due to overdrinking, and he became an earnest preacher of total abstinence. His crusade, begun in 1838, soon spread to Dublin, Liverpool, Manchester, London, Glasgow, New York and wherever there were Irishmen. His success was marvelous. During his last years his unthinking charity brought him to poverty, and Father Mathew died at Queenstown, worn out by his labors, Dec. 8, 1856. See Harriet Martineau's Biographical Sketches and his Life by F. J. Mathew.

Math'ieu, Olivier Elzear, was born at St. Rock, Quebec, Dec. 24, 1853. He studied at Quebec Seminary and was granted the doctorate of theology on May 18, 1878. Soon after he was ordained and became professor of philosophy at Laval University, a position which he still holds. In 1882 he went to Rome where he obtained the degrees of doctor in philosophy and doctor in scholastic science (St. Thomas). Returning to Quebec, he occupied the position of prefect of studies in the Junior Seminary during six years and afterwards that of director during eleven years. In 1899 ne was appointed superior of Quebec Seminary and rector of Laval University, continuing to occupy his professor's chair. In 1903, on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the foundation of Laval University, he was appointed apostolic prothonotary, with the title of Monsignor. As student and professor of philosophy, Monsignor Mathieu stands in the first rank of American thinkers. As educator, no man has exercised greater or more beneficial influence in Quebec.

Matsys (mat'sis'), Quentin, Flemish painter, was born at Louvain, Belgium, about 1466, and is said to have first been

a blacksmith. He settled at Antwerp in 1491 and there died in 1530 or 1531. His pictures are mostly religious, and are remarkable for glow of color, absence of Alight and shade and fine finish. The Burial of Christ, Martyrdom of John the Baptist and The Money-Changers are among his best pictures. Matsys also ranks nigh as a portrait-painter. He seems to have been acquainted with Holbein, Durei-, Erasmus, Sir Thomas More and other noted men of the time.

Matterhorn (mat'ter-horn), called by the French Mont Cervin and by the Italians Monte Silvio, is a peak of the Alps in the Swiss canton of Valais and Piedmont, which rises 14,705 feet. The peak was first scaled by four Englishmen and three guides, July 14, 1865, when two of the party fell over the precipice and were killed. See Whym-per's Ascent of the Matterhorn.

Matth'ew (meaning Gift of Jehovah), one of the apostles and held to be the author of the first Gospel. He was a publican or tax-gatherer at Capernaum, when called by Jesus to follow him. Except in the four lists of the disciples, Matthew is nowhere mentioned by name in the New Testament. An early authority speaks of his having died a natural death; by other writers he is said to have suffered martyrdom after preaching in Parthia and Ethiopia. Papias, a bishop of the second century, tells us that "Matthew wrote in the Hebrew dialect a collection of the sayings of the Lord, and each one interpreted them as best he could."

Matthews (math'uz), James Brander, an American author and professor, was born at New Orleans, La., Feb. 21, 1852. He graduated at Columbia College in 1871; took the degree of bachelor of laws in 1873; and was soon after admitted to the bar. He, however, preferred literary pursuits and gave his whole attention to authorship, becoming one of the founders of the Authors' Club. He has published over 30 separate volumes, edited many editions of popular works, and contributed numberless articles to periodicals. Since 1892 he has filled the chair of literature at the college of his graduation. His best-known works are Americanisms and Briticisms, Vignettes of Manhattan, Introduction to the Study of American Literature and Parts of Speech.

Mattoon (mat'toon'), 111., city in Coles County about 75 miles south of Springfield. It is in an agricultural region of which broom-corn is one of the principal products. Its chief manufacturing establishments are broom-factories, flour-mills, grain-elevators, wagon and carriage factories, foundries, machine-shops and repair-shops for several railroads. Some of its noteworthy buildings are the Old Folks' Home and the public library. The city has good public and parochial schools, several churches and the services of three railroads. Population, 11,456.