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LOYOLA

1122

LUCIAN

and I will not hide my talent in mean clay. I will not care over much for bread, so I feed my soul."

Loyola (loi-5fla, Sp. lo-yo'la), Ignatius de, was born in 1491 in Spain. At 14 he became a page to King Ferdinand, but, not liking court-life, entered the army. In the defense of Pampeluna he was wounded and taken prisoner by the French. When released, after long confinement, he set out to fit himself for a pilgrimage to Jerulasem, going as a beggar to the monastery of Montserrat, where he hung up his arms. Starting barefooted on his journey to Jerusalem, he entered the service of the sick and poor in the hospital of Montserrat. Thence he went to Rome to receive the papal benediction. In Jerusalem he wished to devote himself to teaching the gospel, but not finding encouragement returned to Barcelona. He now resolved to prepare himself by study for the work of religious teaching, "and at 33 returned to study the very rudiments of grammar. While engaged in study, he first (1534) formed the pious fraternity which resulted in that great missionary organization, the Jesuits. He died at Rome, July 31, 1556. See Life by Denis. Lub'bock, Sir John, Lord Avebury (1900), an English banker and scientist, was born at London, April 30, 1834. He became honorary secretary to the association of London bankers, member of the public-school commis-c sion, the educa-S^tion commission, and of parliament for London University in 1880. :As a politician he devoted himself chiefly to financial and educational subjects, and succeeded, as a member of parliament, in passing more than a dozen important measures. He was best known, however, as a man of science,— for his researches on the ancient vestiges of man and on the habits of insects, especially those of bees and ants. He was vice-chancellor of the University of London during 1872-80, and became president of the British Association in 1881. His works, besides numberless scientific memoirs include The Primitive Condition of Man; Prehistoric Times; Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects; Ants, Bees and Wasps; The Senses and Instincts of Animals; The Pleasures of Life; The Use of Life; Fifty Years of Science and Addresses. He died May 28, 1913.

Llibeck (Wbek), a state of and free city in  Germany,   formerly  head  of  the  Hsttl-

seatic League and now an important shipping town, stands on the Trave, 12 miles from the Baltic and 40 northeast of Hamburg. The state possesses 115 square miles of territory, including the port near the mouth of the Trave, with a population of 105,857. The city is the great center for trade between Hamburg and the cities of Germany and the countries that border the Baltic. Among the churches is the Gothic St. Mary's, first erected 1163-70, which has two towers, 407 feet in height, masterpieces of old German sculpture. The cathedral, St. Peter's and St. James' are other ancient churches: A town-hall, hospital, library, school of navigation, zoological, antiquarian and art collections are other notable features. Population 98,620.

Luca della Robbia. See ROBBIA.

Luc'ca (lo$k'ka), a city of Italy, is 14 miles from Pisa. The cathedral of St. Martin, begun in 1063, has a cedar crucifix, said to have been brought to Lucca in 782 and mentioned by Dante. The church contains some fine paintings. There are nearly 40 other churches, some dating from the 7th and 8th centuries. The city buildings contain a valuable collection of paintings, and there are many institutions of science and art. The great trade is olive-oil and silk. The baths, famous since the 15th century, are in a beautiful valley 16 miles north. Lucca was a Roman colony in 177 B. C. It was created a duchy by the Lombards, and from 1369 to 1797 was an independent republic. Napoleon made it a principality; in 1815 it passed to Spain, but was ceded to Tuscany in 1847. Population 76,037.

Lucerne (l$6-sernf), a city in Switzerland, is beautifully situated where the Reuss issues from Lake Lucerne. Outside one of the gates is the Lion of Lucerne, hewn (1821) out of the solid rock, after a model by Thorwaldsen, a monument to the Swiss guard who perished at the Tuileries in 1792. Nearby is Glacier Garden, with rocks illustrating the action of ice. The town is a busy center for summer visitors and tourists. Lucerne (Luzern) also is a canton; area 579 square miles, population 166,782. Population of city 39,152.

Lucerne, Lake, also called Lake of the Four Forest Cantons — Uri, Unterwalden, Schwyz and Lucerne — is one of the most beautiful sheets of water in Europe. It resembles a cross with a crumpled stem. Its shores are steep and rocky. It is 23 miles long, with an average width of ij miles, and covers 44 square miles. It forms part of the St. Gothard route, and is navigated by steamboats, but is liable to sudden and violent storms. It is rich in associations Of William Tell.

Lu'cian, a Greek writer, was born in Syria in 120 A. D., and died in Egypt in 190 A. D. Having learned Greek, he

SiR JOHN LUBBOCK