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LONDON through it. It is becoming an important manufacturing center.  London, Jack, novelist, a new force in letters, hailing from California, but a wanderer and “tramp” whose career has been as romantic and exciting as that of any of the characters in his books. So realistic is he that he has been termed the New World Kipling. Born in 1876 in San Francisco, Mr. London studied for a while at the University of California, but early took to voyaging, serving as a sailor before the mast and generally pursuing a roving life, not only in this country and in Canada, but abroad, and that chiefly on pedestrian tours. He also acted as a war correspondent during the Russo-Japanese War. Many of his books are frankly socialistic, especially The War of the Classes and The People of the Abyss. His novels and stories, which gave insight into the hearts of undisciplined men, embrace The Sea Wolf, The Call of the Wild, The Cruise of the Dazzler, The Son of the Wolf, Tales of the Fish Patrol and The Children of the Frost.  Lon′donder′ry or Derry, a city and seaport in the north of Ireland, 95 miles northwest of Belfast. It grew up around a monastery founded here in 546. In the Irish War of the Revolution of 1688 the gates of the city were closed against James I. The 105 days of siege that followed (April to August, 1689) form one of the most celebrated events of Irish history. The Protestant cathedral, dating from 1633, the Catholic cathedral, guild-hall, customhouse and a triumphal arch commemorating the siege are objects of note. Magee College was founded in 1865. Shirt-making factories, distilleries, iron foundries and shipbuilding are the principal industries. See Hempton's Siege and History of Londonderry. Population 39,892.  Long Branch, a famous bathing-place of New Jersey, on the Atlantic coast, 38 miles from New York City. The town is about a mile from the shore, but the large hotels are on a bluff above the beach, while many fine residences for summer homes lie between. Population 13,298.  Long Island, a part of the state of New York, lying between the Atlantic and Long Island Sound, is 115 miles in length and from 12 to 24 wide, covering 1,682 square miles. In the interior is a line of low hills and many small lakes, and on the south shore a series of lagoons. Game is still found there, and there are valuable fisheries and oyster beds, and large areas devoted to market-gardening; but much of the land is still waste, and Coney Island and other summer resorts are planted in deserts of sand. The principal city is Brooklyn, now a part of New York City. The island is separated by the sound from Connecticut. It was settled by the Dutch in 1632 and by the English in 1640. During the Revolutionary War the western end was fortified as a protection to New York, but, after a prolonged contest with British forces, Washington ordered the evacuation of the island, and it remained in the hands of the British until the close of the war. The battle of Long Island, fought on Brooklyn Heights, occurred on Aug. 27, 1776.  Long Island City, a suburb of New York City, on Long Island, was formed in 1870 out of five villages. There are manufactories of pianos, carriages, varnish and chemicals, hammers, boilers, steam engines, carpets, billiard tables, terracotta and macaroni. In fact, Long Island City is rapidly becoming the largest manufacturing center of the greater city. It has a large oil-trade and several refineries. The city is well-laid out with wide streets and parks, and has many fine residences. It is the first ward of the Borough of Queens of New York City. Within its borders are the borough-hall and the courthouse. Population 61,763.  Long Island Sound, lying between Long Island and the mainland of New York and Connecticut. It is from 2 to 20 miles wide and from 75 to 200 feet deep. The Thames, Connecticut, Housatonic and other rivers flow into it. It is navigated by a large number of vessels, and is well-provided with lighthouses.  Long Par′liament, the name by which the fifth parliament summoned by Charles I is known. It met on Nov. 3, 1640, and began its work by reversing all the tryannical and illegal acts of the previous 11 years. It abolished the star-chamber and high-commission, and secured itself by passing an act that it could not be dissolved without its own consent. Colonel Pride drove 96 members, who were displeasing to the army, out of Parliament, and the remnant, called the Rump, continued to sit till Cromwell turned them out in 1653. Richard Cromwell failing to maintain authority, the Rump was recalled. Of the 160 members who continued sitting after the king's death, 90 returned to their seats. Proving again displeasing to the army, General Lambert turned them out. But there were dissensions among the officers of the army, and these members of Parliament were once more restored as the only body in the country having any kind of authority. After issuing writs for a new election, it dissolved itself March 16, 1660. <section end="Long Parliament" /> <section begin="Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth" />Long′fel′low, Henry Wadsworth. At the funeral of this best-loved of all our American poets, which occurred in March, 1882, Ralph Waldo Emerson was present. Four years older than his dead friend, the sunny philosopher of Concord died a month later. His mind had long been clouded. Now, as he gazed on the serene face framed with silver hair and beard, he turned to the grief-stricken people assembled in the<section end="Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth" />