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LINDEN

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LINEN

liant triumph. In 1850 she made a tour through the United States and Canada, singing in all their principal cities. The receipts were over $600,000, half of which was received by Jenny Lind. While in America she married Otto Gold-schmidt, who had accompanied her : as a pianist. They 5 returned to Eu-* rope in 1852. After she had visited Stockholm and expended $200,000 in founding schools in her native country, they took up their residence at Dresden. In 1858 they removed to England, where they continued to reside. After her American 'tour Madame Goldschmidt only occasionally appeared in public, singing solely for charitable purposes. Her charities in the United States amounted to many thousand dollars; and were equally munificent in all European countries in which she lived or visited. She died at Malvern, England, Nov. 2, 1887.

Lin'den, species of Tilia, a genus which contains about 12 species distributed throughout north temperate regions. In eastern North America three well-recognized species occur. T. Americana is the American linden, often known as basswood or white-wood. It is a large tree, reaching 125 feet, and occurs in rich woods and river bottoms from Canada to Georgia and westward. The form is rounded and tapers gracefully toward the top, the bark dark brown and deeply ridged. * The heart-shaped leaves are dark green and glossy. In May and June the tree bears fragrant, cream-colored blossoms, and, when these fall, their place is taken by downy, round, greenish-gray fruit. The wood is valued for cabinet-work, and is extensively used for woodenware. T. pu-bescens is the southern basswood or white-wood, a much smaller tree, not growing to more than 50 feet in height and occurring in moist woods from Long Island to Florida and westward. T. heterophylla is the common basswood, becoming 70 feet high. It is also known as the white basswood and as the linden bee-tree, and is characterized by very llarge leaves, covered below with a silvery down. It is a very beautiful tree, not common in the north, at its best in the Tennessee mountains. The common European linden is T. Euro pea, which is planted commonly in parks and along streets. It is not so large as the American linden, its figure being less rounded.

Lin'disfarne', a small island 'of England, about 10 miles south of Berwick-on-Tweed.

The island is chiefly interesting for the ruins of its Benedictine priory, which show that it was a model, on a small scale, of the cathedral of Durham. It was built in 1093 of the material of the cathedral erected in the 7th century by Bishop Aidan. Here a company of Columban monks established themselves, and the place ultimately became the famous priory of Lindisfarne, the luminary of the north, reaching its greatest glory under St. Cuthbert. In 1887 it was visited by 3,000 barefooted pilgrims.

Lind'say, county-seat of Victoria County, Ont., is a railway center of 7>72 5 inhabitants, serving a fertile and highly cultivated district.

Lindsey, Benjamin Barr. Several years ago a session of court, when a famous will-case was being tried, was adjourned a few moments, so the judge could straighten out the grievance of a newsboy. The little fellow with his "inj unction" — a friendly note to a policeman — departed happy. The judge's apology, as he resumed the hearing, was: "A live boy is worth more than a dead man's millions."

It was Judge Lindsey of the Probate Court of Denver, better known as the "Kid Judge," who thus put the new gospel of child-saving into a sentence. The author of the Juvenile Court law of Colorado, was born on a farm near Jackson, Tenn., in 1869. His father, a wealthy planter of Mississippi, impoverished by the war, died in 1878, leaving a widow and four children of whom Bennie wras the eldest. A news and messenger boy in Denver, he went to night-school, worked his way through the university and studied law. At 32 he was elected county-judge. Here he came in contact with child-offenders. One day some boys were brought before him for robbing a pig©on-roost. The law said they must go to the reformatory. Without authority of law he released the culprits on parole. He was condemned by public opinion. He appealed to the boys to stand by him and justify his course. They did. To-day they and hundreds like them have been made into useful citizens, for the "Kid Judge" secured jurisdiction over all Denver children and carried out the experiment on such a scale as to attract the attention of the world. Ninety-five per cent, of his boys never got into trouble again.

In 1898 there was not a Juvenile Court in the world. Child-offenders were treated as adult criminals to be punished. To-day the basic principle in all civilized countries is coming to be that the child is incapable of crime. Great Britain is working out a plan of children's courts for the British Empire.

Lin'en, a fabric made of the threads of flax wrought by both ancients and moderns. There are frequent references to linen in the Bible and other ancient records, and mummy-cloths of great age and fine texture have been found in Egypt. The ancient Egvp-tians not only used the fabric extensively

JENNY  LIND