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LILLE

1071

LIME

ing gracefully from a height, one, two or three on a stem. The plant rises from three to five feet, prefers low, moist ground, grows from Nova Scotia to Georgia and to Missouri. The Turk's-cap lily resembles the preceding one, but is taller, its color a dark orange spotted with yellow, the flowers growing one above another, making a pyramid of richest, most gorgeous bloom. It abounds along the New England coast, and is found from Maine to Minnesota. Although the name in its narrowest sense is restricted to the genus Lilium, the name has been applied not only to numerous forms of the lily family but to other families, as the calla lily, Mariposa lily, pond lily, lily of the valley or water-lily.

Lille (lei), a large manufacturing town, with an important military fortress, in France, 66 miles southeast of Calais. Part of its present site was occupied by a castle built by Julius Caesar, but the city was not founded till the pth century. Louis XIV conquered the town in 1667, and though it was captured by Marlborough and Prince Eugene in 1708, after a desperate and heroic defense by Marshal Bouflers, it was restored to France by the peace of Utrecht in 1713. It was besieged by the Austrians in 1792, but after a heavy bombardment they were compelled to retreat with great loss. Lille is noted for the manufacture of linen and cotton goods, there being numerous establishments for the purpose, and there also are chemical works, sugar works, breweries and numerous other manufactories. Lille has a university with several faculties and a large roll of student attendance. Population 217,807.

Lilliput (Ul'U-put), the name of an imaginary realm described by Jonathan Swift in A Voyage to Lilliput, Part I of Gulliver's Travels. Lilliput and the Lilliputians are drawn on the scale of one inch to a foot, hence the use of the term for that which is diminutive in size. Professor Henry Morley derives the term Lilliput from lilli for "little" in Swift's "little language," and "put" was a term of contempt for a child, current in Swift's time.

Lil'y of the Val'ley, one of the numerous plants called lilies that do not belong to the genus Lilium. It grows without cultivation in bushy places and woods in Europe, Asia and North America; and abounds in the woods of Norway, Sweden and Germany. It is a universal favorite, on account of the beauty and fragrance of its white bells and the early season at which they appear. It therefore is often cultivated in gardens and forced to earlier flowering in hotbeds. False lily of the valley is the name given to one of our wild-flowers, UnifoUum Canadense. The leaves bear resemblance to those of the true lily of the valley, but the white, downy flowers

differ in character. The plant grows at the foot of old trees, on the edge of deep woods, blooms in May and June, and late in summer bears spikes of pretty red berries.

Lima (li'md), the county-seat of Allen County, O., is 71 miles north of Dayton, on Ottawa River. It is the center of an important oil-field, and has extensive oil-refineries, railroad and machine shops, car and locomotive works and other industries. The city has admirable public schools, and in 1893 Lima College (Lutheran) was established. Lima owns and operates its waterworks, and has the service of six railroads. Population 30,508.

Lima (le'md), Peru, lies in a broad valley, six miles east of Callao, its port, with which it is connected by two railroads. The city contains over 70 church buildings, and the cathedral (rebuilt in 1746) is, after that of Mexico, the most noteworthy in Spanish America. Lima was founded in 1535 by Pizarro, the conqueror of Peru, whose remains lie in the crypt below the cathedral. Earthquakes have been frequent visitors, the most disastrous, that of 1746, destroying 5,000 out of the 60,000 inhabitants. The climate is agreeable and, on the whole, healthy, although the inhabitants are afflicted with malignant fevers at times Lima also is a department; its area is 13,310 square miles, with an estimated population of 3oo;ooo. At the city is the national university, the oldest in the Americas — that of San Marcos, which received its charter from Emperor Charles V, which is attended by 600 or 700 students. There also are a public library and a school of mines. Population 140,884. Owing to infant mortality, smallpox and drunkenness, the latter among the Indians, the population does not increase.

Lime is the oxide of the metallic element calcium (which see), and is known ir chemistry as one of the alkaline earths. In a state of purity it is a white solid which does not fuse except at the enormous heat of the electric furnace; but when raised to a white heat by means of the oxyhydrogen flame it glows with a brilliant white light called the lime light, calcium light or Drum-mond light. Pure lime is obtained by heating pure calcium carbonate (for instance, Iceland spar) to bright redness, when carbon dioxide is expelled and lime is left. The lime of commerce, called quicklime, is obtained by burning limestone or marble in kilns, and is frequently somewhat impure. When water is poured on quicklime, it swells to a larger bulk, and great heat is evolved, leaving a light, white powder or a moist mass, according to the amount of water used. This powder or mass is slaked lime or hydrate of lime, a compound of lime with water. Slaked lime is only slightly soluble in water, but sufficiently so to make an alkaline solution known as lime