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LEITH

1052

LEMUR

man of no morals and needy and avaricious, he fell into the hands of Leisler's enemies, with the result that the latter's property was confiscated by the new governor. Leisler himself was thrown into prison and shortly afterwards executed.

Leith (leth), an important seaport in Scotland and a municipal and parliamentary borough, stands on the south shore of the Firth of Forth, two miles north of Edinburgh. The harbor works have cost more than $5,000,000. The foreign, colonial and coaling trade, already very great, is constantly increasing, and there is regular steamboat communication with London and several other ports. The nine months' siege by the Protestants in 1559-60 and the surprise of its citadel by the Jacobites in \7i5 are the chief events in its history. Population 85,721.

Le'land, Charles Godfrey, an American author, was born at Philadelphia, Aug. 15, 1824, graduated at Princeton College in 1846, and afterwards studied in various European cities. He was admitted to the Philadelphia bar in 1851, but soon gave up law for journalism and literature. Between 1873 and 1890 he published four valuable books on the gypsies; but he is most celebrated for his poems, written in the Pennsylvania "Dutch" dialect, under the name of Hans Breitmann's Ballads. He died on March 20, 1903.

Le'Iy, Sir Peter, an English painter of the 17th century, was born in Westphalia in 1617, and died at London in 1680. At 20 he had won considerable reputation by his painting of landscapes. Coming to England in 1641, he determined to give his attention to portrait painting; and after the death of Vandyke he was acknowledged to be the first painter in England. He was introduced to Charles I a year or two after his arrival, and painted the portrait of that prince. During the Commonwealth he painted Cromwell's portrait, receiving the command to make a true likeness, with all the warts and wrinkles on the face of his subject. Charles II made him court-painter and conferred on him the honor of knighthood. His best-known pieces are the Beauties of the Court of Charles II.

Le'man, Lake. See GENEVA, LAKE OF.

Le Mans (le-mohr), a city of France on the Sarth, 132 miles southwest of Paris. It has interesting churches and a seminary in the buildings of the old convent. Its trade, which is large, is in poultry and clover seed, and the manufactures are candles, woolens, lace and soap. It was known to the Romans as Cenomarum, and was the birthplace of Henry II of England. In 1871, 100,000 Frenchmen were defeated at Le Mans by Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia. Population 63,272.

Lem'berg, capital of the Austrian kingdom of Galicia, is situated on a small

tributary of the Bug, 212 miles from Cracow. It is defended by a citadel, around which the modern town has been built. Lemberg has nearly 30 churches and several monasteries, and as early as the i7th century was called the town of the monks. There is a university, founded in 1784, which has 3,300 students, a faculty and a library of nearly 100,000 volumes. Lemberg was founded in 1259, and was an important city of Poland until that kingdom was partitioned in 1772, when the city fell to Austria. Population 206,574.

Lem'nos, a Turkish island in the JEgean Sea, is about 30 miles from Mt. Athos and from the Dardanelles. It is nearly split in two by a large bay on the northern coast and another one on the southern coast. The area is about 180 square miles, and the population about 30,000, mostly Greeks. The chief town is Kastro (population 3,000). The principal products are corn, wine and tobacco. The island passed into the hands of the Turks from the Venetians in 1657, and is used as a place of banishment for Turkish political offenders.

Le Moine, (lemoinf), Sir James Mac-Pherson, a Canadian naturalist and writer, was born at Quebec, Feb. 25, 1825. He was educated at Le Petit Seminary, studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1850. He gave his attention, however, largely to a study of Canadian history and to natural history. The results are given in L'Orni-thologie de Canada, Legendary Lore of the St. Lawrence, Maple Leaves, Picturesque Quebec and other works. He was knighted in 1897.

Lem'on, a species of Citrus, the genus to which belong the orange, citron, lime, grapefruit etc. The species whose varieties furnish the lemon, citron and lime is C. medica, and is native to India. The lemon variety is C. medica limon, a small spreading tree or shrub, cultivated extensively in all tropical and subtropical regions. The tree grows from 10 to 20 feet high; the outer branches are long, the foliage not abundant, the flowers not so abundant as those of the orange. In California lemon-culture has become an important industry, California growers winning in competition with imported fruit. The best results are obtained in southern California and near the coast. Lemons are cut while green and ripened slowly in curing-houses. The fruit is highly valued, and oil or extract is obtained from the rind.

Le'miir, the common name for a considerable group of monkey-like animals, curious and interesting creatures. They show so many variations that it is difficult to characterize the lemurs. Although found in Africa and Asia, the headquarters of the family is Madagascar. Thirty-four of the known 65 species live there. They inhabit trees and are active only at night, and therefore are hardly ever to be. se^n in the