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KN0X

1009

KOHLRAUSCH

land, where he remained until August, 1556, after which he returned to Geneva and preached there during the two following years. In May, 1559, Knox returned to Scotland, where he continued to be the life and soul of the reforming party until his death. The arrival of the young queen, Mary, in 1561 revived all the old dissensions. Mary's opinions on religious and political questions directly opposed those held by Knox and the party he represented, and all interviews and discussions between the young queen and the ardent reformer only widened the breach between them. At the coronation of the infant James VI in 1567 and at the opening of Parliament Knox preached in that strain which gave his sermons the force and character of public manifestoes. He made his last public appearance at the induction of his successor in St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh, in November, 1572, and died a few days later. Carryle says of Knox: "A most clear-cut, hardy, distinct and effective man, fearing God without any other fear. There is in Knox throughout the spirit of an old Hebrew prophet — a spirit almost altogether unique among modern men. He is a heaven-inspired seer and heroic leader of men." See McCrie's Life of Knox and Thomas Carlyle's Heroes and Hero-Worship.

Knox, Philander Chase, was born in Brownsville, Fayette County, Penna., May 6, 1853. After attending the University of Virginia, he graduated from Mount Union College of Alliance, Ohio, in 1872. He was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1875 and was the same year appointed district-attorney for the western district. He resigned next year, and later became celebrated as a lawyer in the service of the great corporations. He was appointed attorney-general of the United States by President McKinley on April 9, 1901. On McKinley's death he continued to serve under President Roosevelt, and prosecuted the celebrated suit to dissolve the Northern Securities Company in 1903. He resigned in 1904.

Knox'yille, a city of Tennessee in Knox County, is one of the oldest cities in the state and was the first capital. It stands amid picturesque scenery on Tennessee River, at the head of steamboat navigation, 165 miles east of Nashville. The city is served by the Southern Railroad and the Louisville and Nashville, and is the distributing point for the products of the surrounding fertile section. Among its industries those of greatest importance are woolen and cotton factories, flourmills and marbleworks, while it also manufactures coffins and caskets, furniture, desks, cabinet mantels, ready-made clothing, iron fencing and boilers. Here are the state's university, the agricultural college, the state school for deaf mutes, an industrial school for colored pupils, Knoxville College (United Presbyterian) and a hand-

some post office of marble. Knoxville figured prominently in the Civil War, being assaulted and besieged by Longstreet, while the city for a time was occupied by 12,000 Federal troops under General Burnside. Population 36,346, a gain of about 4,000 in the past decade.

Kobe (ko'bd) is a town in Japan lying only one hour by rail from Osaka, being continuous with the city of Hiogo, of which it, as it were, forms the European and trading section. Kobe has a larger volume of shipping trade than any other port of Japan, 75 per cent, of the vessels which enter being British. Hiogo and Kobe together have a population of over 250,000; and this is rapidly growing in numbers, owing to the lead taken by Kobe in trade at the expense of the older ports of Nagasaki and Yokohama.

Koch, Dr. Robert, a distinguished German physician and student of bacteria in their relation to diseases. He is widely known for his investigations on the disease germs of consumption and cholera. He was born at Klausthal, Hannover, in 1843, and took his M. D. from Gottingen in 1866. In 1882 he announced the discovery of the disease germ (Bacillus tuberculosis} which produces tuberculosis or consumption of the lungs. The following year he was sent by his government to Egypt and India to study into the cause and prevention of cholera. While in Calcutta, he discovered the comma bacillus, which is the disease germ of cholera. In 1890 he proposed the injection of a lymph into the body to combat the germs of tuberculosis, and great hopes were entertained for this method of treatment. Several years are required to complete the treatment, and it has not been successful. Dr. Koch is on the medical faculty of the University of Berlin, and engaged in the Institute of Hygiene.

Kohinur (kd'%-nd&r'), a very valuable diamond which was in the possession of mon-archs of India for centuries, and was owned by the late Queen Victoria. It is called the mountain of light, and is worth about $600,-ooo.

Kohl'rausch, Friedrich, an eminent German physicist, son of Rudolf Kohlrauseh, also distinguished as a physicist. He was born in 1840 at Rinteln in Germany, and is now director of the National Physical Laboratory at Charlottenburg. He was educated at the Universities of Marburg, Erlangen and Gottingen. He taught successively at Gottingen, Zurich, Darmstadt, Wiirzburg and Strassburg. In 1894 he succeeded Helmholtz as director of the Laboratory. His mobt important work is that which he did upon the electrical conductivity of liquids. Mis laboratory manual of physics, which has been translated into four different languages, has exercised a marked influence on the laboratory method of teaching physics on both sides of the Atlantic.