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KIEL

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KINDERGARTEN

rumors reached England that Kidd was playing the game of pirate himself, and orders were issued to the governors of the English colonies to arrest him. After a two years' cruise he returned to the West Indies, and a few months later landed in Boston without securing a safe-conduct. He was arrested and sent to England to be tried for piracy and the murder of one of his men. He was found guilty and hanged at Execution Dock, London, May 24, 1701. Before coming to Boston Kidd buried a large treasure on Gardiner's island, off Long Island, which, with what was recovered elsewhere, amounted to $70^)00. There for a long time was a popular belief that Kidd had buried other treasure along the coast, but, although frequent search was made for such,' none was ever found.

Kiel (kel), a seaport in Schleswig-Hol-stein, Prussia, with a fine harbor, the chief German naval station on the Baltic. The total tonnage, entered and cleared, o£ the port in one year was 1,170,334 tons. The university of Kiel in 1906 had 117 professors and 1,157 students. Population 163,172.

Kiev or Kieff (ke'yef), a city of European Russia, on the right bank of the Dnieper. It is connected by rail with Moscow and St. Petersburg, and a magnificent bridge spans the Dniepei. Kiev has a large university, founded in 1834 (with 2,326 students), besides other institutions of learning, of which the Greek theological academy is the most liberally endowed. From the i3th to the 17th century Kiev was a Polish city, but was reannexed to Russia in 1667* Population 320,000.

Kilauca (ke-lou-a'a), a volcano in Hawaii, one of the largest in the world. It is constantly active, and the crater is nearly eight miles in circumference.

Kil'imanja'ro, a name which means great mountain, lies close to the eastern coast of Africa, 175 miles from the equator. The mountain is volcanic, and rises about 19,700 feet, probably the greatest altitude in Africa. The mountain was first ascended, after many unsuccessful attempts, by Hans Meyer, the explorer, in 1889. Dr. Meyer found the higher of the two peaks into which the mountain forks to be crowned by a crater over one mile in diameter. This peak is known as the Kibo, the other as the Kimaw-eiisi. On the sides of the mountain is graded the vegetation of all climes. The verdure at the base is tropical; but as the explorer ascends, species after species of plant-life is left behind, until at 14,000 feet there is no more growth. Both summits are crowned with perpetual snow, a fact which scientists for many years refused to believe, owing to the nearness of the equator. Kilimanjaro is an isolated and conspicuous peak rising sheer from the plains.

Killar'ney, a small market town in Kerry County, Ireland, famous from the

large number of tourists who visit the lakes near the town. These lakes, three in number, are situated in a basin in the midst of the mountains, some of which rise abruptly from the water's edge and are densely clothed with trees from base to summit. The scenery of Killarney is beautiful and in many respects unique.

Kil'ogram, the arbitrary standard of mass, made of platinum and preserved at the International Metric Bureau at Paris. One one thousandth part of this mass is the gram, which is the unit of mass employed in all scientific work. It was the intention to make the gram as nearly as possible equal to the mass of one cubic centimeter of water under standard conditions; but this does not affect the definition of the gram or of the kilogram. It is important to understand that the kilogram is a purely arbitrary unit. One kilogram = 2.2046213 Ibs. Mass of one cubic decimeter of water at 4°C = 1.000013 kilograms.

Kil'patrick, Hugh Judson, a United States cavalry officer who won a brilliant reputation during the Civil War. He was born near Deckertown, N. J., Jan. 14, 1836; graduated at West Point and entered the army as second lieutenant of artillery on May 6, 1861. He was wounded at the battle of Big Bethel on June 10 of that year, and after his recovery was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the 2d New York cavalry. After rendering imp' rtant services in various campaigns in the eastern army, for which he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general, in the spring of 1864 he was ordered on duty with General Sherman in the west; and during the Atlanta campaign and the campaign through South Carolina and North Carolina he rendered active and efficient service. He died at Valparaiso, Chile, Dec. 4, 1881.

Kim'berley, the capital of Griqualand West, now incorporated in Cape Colony, Africa, is the center of the diamond diggings There are four chief mines, Kimberley, Dutoitspan, De Beers and Bulfontein. On the outbreak of war with Transvaal (October, 1899) the place was invested by the Boers, and Cecil Rhodes, the capitalist, was shut up with a few British and Outlanders in the town. It was gallantly defended by Colonel Kekewich and a small garrison. Alter a siege of four months the place was relieved by a British force under General French on Feb. 15, 1900. Population 13,656.

Kin'dergar'ten. The kindergarten is a type of school for children from three to six years of age, too young to go to the graded school. The principles underlying the kindergarten really constitute a great reform movement in education, started about 1840 by Friedrich Froebel of Germany. Froebel conceived education as a development of one's latent powers through spontaneous