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tical and commercial colleges. One ©f the largest starch factories in the world is located here, and among its other industries are lumber and flour mills, foundries, stove-works and readymade clothing. Other important establishments can fruits, make pickles and pack poultry. Manufacturing facilities have been increased by the building of the second longest dam (if miles) in the world, which cost $10,000,000 and supplies 180,000 horsepower. Its chief buildings are the Y. M. C. A., Saint Joseph's Hospital, a public library, a Home for the Friendless and St. Vincent's Academy. The bones of Chief Keokuk of the Sac-Fox nation rest at Rand Park. Population 15,000.

Kep'ler, Johann, one of the greatest of astronomers, was born at Weilderstadt, Germany, Dec. 27, 1571. Kepler when young showed great aptness for learning, and in 1588 was sent to the University of Tubingen at the expense of the duke of Wurt-temberg, to study?for the ministry, * but soonaban-doned theology for mathematics and astronomy; and to as-tronomy, in spite of poverty, sickness and many other trials, his life was henceforth devoted. Copernicus had already established the fact that the planets revolve around the sun, but they were still supposed to move in circles, with no unity among them, except that the sun was their common center. After more than 20 years of study and investigation Kepler was able to announce the three laws of planetary motion, which formed the groundwork of Newton's discoveries and constituted the starting-point of modern physical astronomy. These laws are: (i) the planet's orbit is an ellipse, of which the sun is one focus; (2) as the planet describes its orbit, its radius vector traverses equal areas in equal times; and (3) the square of a planet's periodic time is proportional to the cube of its mean distance from the sun. Besides these immortal discoveries, the world is indebted to Kepler for discoveries in general physics and geometry. He died at Ratis-bon, Nov. 15, 1630. See Brewster's Lives of Galileo, Tycho Brake* and Kepler.

Kern, John Worth, was born at Alto, Ind., in 1849. He studied at Indiana Normal College and (1866-7) at the University of Michigan. He then studied law, and in 1869 was admitted to the bar at Kokomo, Ind. Next year he was elected city-attorney

JOHANN  KEPLER

and reflected five times. In 1884 he became reporter to the Indiana supreme court, removing to Indianapolis in 1889. During 1893-7 ne served in the state se na te. In 1900 and 1904 he was the Democratic c a n d i -date for governor, but was defeated. In July;, 1908, he received the na-tional Democratic nomination for the vice-presidency. In 1911 he was elected to the U. S. Senate.

Ker'shaw, Joseph Brevard, was born in South Carolina, Jan. 5, 1822, and at the breaking out of the Civil War he raised a regiment of volunteers, in command of which he took part in the first Bull Run battle. He afterwards commanded a brigade in a number Of important engagements in the east, and in 1863 was transferred with Longstreets corps to the west. He was again transferred to the army of Virginia in 1864, and assigned to the command of a division with the rank of major-general. His division participated in the final campaign of General Lee's army, which resulted in the surrender at Appomat-tox Court House. He died at Camden, S. C., April 13, 1894.

Kew, a village in Surrey, England, on the right bank of the Thames River, famous for the royal botanic gardens that cover 75 acres In addition to numerous hothouses and conservatories, the principal features are a palm-house, 362 feet long, 100 feet wide and 66 feet high; a temperate house of the same height, occupying three fourths of an acre; and the pagoda, an octagonal ten-storied building, 163 feet high. Near the northern entrance is the old Kew palace, formerly a favorite residence of George III. The pleasure-grounds which surround the gardens contain over 200 acres. The observatory is chiefly used as a meteorological station. Population 2,699.

Kewanee (k$-wafne), a city in Henry County, 111., about 122 miles southwest of Chicago. It is in a farming section and has coalfields in the near vicinity. It manufactures agricultural implements, steam-heating machinery, carriages, wagons and pumps, and besides has tube and boiler works employing more than 3,000 men. The city has good schools, a public library of 10,000 volumes and owns and operates its waterworks. Kewanee has the service of the C. B. and Q. Ry. Population 9>3°7-

Key, Francis Scott, author of The Star-Spangled Banner, was born in Frederick County, Md., Aug. 9, 1780. He was edu-

JOHN WORTH KERN