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ing foreign rule out of Italy. To force Venice to give up the old papal provinces on the Adriatic, Julius entered the League of Cambrai with Germany, Spain and Louis XII of France. On the submission of Venice, he at once, fearing Louis’s designs, entered the Holy League with England and Spain against France. Ranke describes him as “a noble soul, full of lofty plans for the glory and weal of Italy.” He died on Feb. 21, 1513.

July, (moved)

Jump′ing Mouse, a small field and forest-mouse of North America, having very long hind legs and capable of jumping eight to fifteen feet at a single bound. The body and head together are about three inches long, and the tail, while variable, is often five inches in length. The hind-legs and manner of using them always remind one of a kangaroo. In color it is reddish-brown above and white below. It feeds on seeds and grain, is nocturnal in its habits, and is only rarely seen in the daytime.

Jun′co a member of the finch family and a hardy little bird unafraid of winter’s cold, is sometimes known as the slate-colored snowbird. It belongs to the woods of the north. Naturally shy, it is not infrequently emboldened to join the chickadees and sparrows in accepting man’s hospitality, offered when deep snow makes lean pickings for feathered folks. In winter it feeds chiefly on weed-seeds and grain. It is about the size of the English sparrow, a small, trim bird robed in neatest Quaker uniform; its coat dark slate-color, a blackish hood fitted snugly about the head, then a slate colored breastplate; under part dull white, and white on the outer tail feathers. When disturbed, juncoes twitter and fly away, sometimes uttering what Chapman describes as a “sharp, kissing call.” During the nesting-season a simple trill or low, sweet warble is heard.

June, (moved)

Juneau (jū′ nō), the capital of, is a town of 2,000 to 3,000 people, situated in the southern district, near Douglas Island. It is the center of a large import and export trade. Besides gold, furs are the chief article of export. A submarine cable now connects Juneau with the United States. The town has a few manufactures, the most important being its ironworks.

Jungfrau (yo͝ong′ frou), meaning the/maiden, a magnificent peak of the Bernese Alps, reaches a height of 13,671 feet. It obtains its name probably from the purity and dazzling brightness of the snow which covers it. Its summit was first reached by two Swiss, named Meyer, in 1811. A railroad is built from Lauterbrunnen to its summit.

Ju′niper, species of Juniperus, a genus of conifers, containing about thirty species widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere. The junipers are characterized-by their opposite or whorled leaves, and are peculiar among conifers in that the cone ripens into a berry-like fruit. The most common species of the north-eastern states are the common juniper (J. communis) which occurs either as a small tree or shrub or as a prostrate form; the savin (J. Sabina) which is a prostrate or sometimes creeping shrub throughout the northern regions; and the cedar (J. Virginiana), which is common on dry hills or in deep swamps and has a shreddy bark and a red, aromatic, hard wood.

Junius, Letters of (moved)

Image: WHITE-WINGED JUNCO

Image: JUNIPER