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HOLMES

881

HOMEOPATHY

Poet at the Breakfast Table, A Mortal Antipathy and Over the Teacups. In the breakfast-table series were included poems that have. taken their place among American classics: Dorothy Q, The Last Leaf, The Voice-less and The One-Hoss Shay. The Chambered Nautilus ranks among the highest productions in English verse. Dr. Holmes' achievements in literature are all the more remarkable for the fact that writing was never his main business in life. Until he was seventy-three he continued to fill his professorship at Harvard. He took care of a large private practice, wrote medical treatises, and made many original scientific investigations. Essays, novels, poems were simply the by-product of a richly stored mind and heart. A merry, restless little fellow of varied interests and tireless energy in boyhood, he never outgrew a certain youthfulness in appearance and in his outlook on life. In old age his interests ranged all the way from song to science, from theology to the college boat-races. If wise and witty, he also was warm and kind. If he pricked the bubble of the folly and conceit of society, he always dressed the wound with the ointment of tenderness and tolerance. While there is delight for the most fastidious in Holmes' writings, there never is any straining after effect in his flights of fancy, any assumption of superiority in his wisdom, any taint of cynicism in his humanity to chill or discourage the humblest. Me must be a vain and empty man, indeed, who finds no food for thought or good cheer for the affections in our genial autocrat.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., American jurist, son of Oliver Wendell Holmes, was born in Boston in 1841. He was educated at Harvard, graduating in 1861. He served in the Civil War, and was three times wounded. He afterwards studied law, won a practice in Boston, and from 1870 to 1873 was editor of the American Law Review. In 1882 he became professor of law at Harvard and in 1889 chief justice of the Massachusetts supreme court. In this position he was made quite famous among lawyers by his original decisions. In 1902 he became a Supreme Court judge of the United States. He is the author of The Common Law and several other legal works.

Hoist, Hermann Eduard von, a Russian-German historian and teacher, was born at Fellin, Livonia, June 19, 1841. He was educated at Dorp at and Heidelberg. He came to the United States, engaging in journalistic and literary work in New York city. He was made professor of history at Strassburg University in 1872, and in 1874 was made professor of modern history at Freiburg. While holding this chair he revisited the United States and was a lecturer at Johns Hopkins University, and in 1802 was called from Freiburg to the chair

of history at the University of Chicago. His principal work has been translated by J. J. Taylor and T. B. Mason under the title of The Constitutional and Political History of the United States. He was the author also of a Life of John C. Calhoun and The Constitutional Law of the U. S. of America. He died on Jan. 20, 1904.

Ho'ly Alliance, an international league formed at the instigation of Alexander I of Russia in 1815 and signed also by Francis of Austria and Frederick William III of Prussia. It nominally was for the purpose of binding together the Christian powers, and preserving them from the effects of any insurrections against the existing authority which the disturbing influence of Napoleon I had tended to encourage. Naples, France, Spain and Sardinia joined the alliance at a later date. In its name the rebellions in Piedmont and in Naples were crushed in 1823. By 1848 it had become a dead letter.

Ho'ly Ko'man Em'pire. See GERMAN EMPIRE.

Holyoke (hol'yok), Mass., a busy, industrial city in Hanrpden County, on the Connecticut River, eight miles north of Springfield, in the western-central part of the state. Its 500 manufacturing establishments derive their chief water-power from an immense dam in the river, which is here bridged, connecting Holyoke with South Hadley Falls. Of its many industries, one of the chief is the manufacture of fine writing-papers, blank-books and stationery; there are, besides, many cotton and woolen, silk, thread, alpaca and knit goods mills. School-supplies are manufactured as well as automobiles, bicycles and furniture. Belting, screw, wire, cutlery and machine shops give collective employment to many thousand artisans. Holyoke has a substantial city hall, a splendid library, a high school, two fully equipped hospitals and two orphanages just outside the city. It has excellent public, parish and evening schools and a college of music. Holyoke has fine waterworks, electric street railroads and the other useful adjuncts of a progressive city. Population 57,730.

Holyoke, Mt., a steep ridge of greenstone trap, well-timbered, about seven miles long, in Massachusetts. It is near the towns of Hadley, South Hadley and Amherst. The western end of the ridge is called Mt. Holyoke and the eastern Mt. Tom, the two, being separated by the Connecticut. The highest point rises 1,120 feet. At the summit is an hotel where travelers may rest who have made the ascent. Near by, at South Hadley, is Mt. Holyoke College, founded in 1837, for the education of women. It has 85 female instructors and 718 students, and possesses a library, with 32,000 volumes, and considerable scientific apparatus.

Hpmeo'pathy, a system of medicine or medical treatment, originally based upon