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HAZARD Trunk Railway from 1896 to 1901, and became vice-president. He is president of the Central Vermont Railway, the Canadian Express Company, the St. Clair Tunnel Company and the International Bridge Company. He is now associated in the work of constructing another transcontinental railway, the (q. v.).  Haz′ard, Miss Caroline, president of Wellesley College, was born at Peace Dale, Rhode Island, in 1856. Her education was private, and was in part received in Europe from private tutors. Prior to her election to the presidency of Wellesley in 1899, Miss Hazard was known chiefly as the author of Narragansett Ballads and The Narragansett Friends’ Meeting. She had published memoirs of J. L. Diman and of Thos. Hazard, edited the works of R. G. Hazard and written minor essays and verses. She has received the degrees of A. M. from Michigan and of Litt. D. from Brown.  Ha′zel, species of Corylus, a genus belonging to the birch family. The genus contains about seven species distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, three of which occur in the United States. The ordinary hazel, which often makes extensive thickets and produces the common wild hazelnut, is C. Americana. The beaked hazelnut (C. rostrata) is a fruit from a shrub extending from the northern part of North America south along the mountains. The third species occurs in California.  Ha′zen, William Babcock, an American soldier, was born at West Hartford, Vt., Sept. 27, 1830; and died at Washington, D. C., Jan. 16, 1887. He graduated from West Point in 1855, and entered the service against the Indians in California, Oregon and Texas. He raised the Forty-first Ohio volunteers in 1861, and took part in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth and Stone River, where, for bravery, he was made brigadier-general, and at the end of the war was breveted major-general. In December, 1880, he was appointed chief signal-officer. While acting as such, the United States became indebted to him for the present system of weather-signals.  Ha′zleton, Pa., a city in Luzerne County, in an anthracite-mining district, southwest of Wilkes-Barre and 100 miles northwest of Philadelphia. It occupies an elevated position in an attractive section of the country, on the Lehigh Valley and Pennsylvania railroads. It has trolley connection with outlying villages, that within a ten-mile radius give a population of 30,000, and a third-rail electric road establishing hourly communication with Wilkes-Barre. The chief industry of the section is coal, though the town has a number of manufactories of various kinds and has a large local trade. There are a miners' hospital and a state hospital. Several new and modern school-buildings have been erected, and plans for a public library have just been projected. Population 25,452.  Head (in plants), an inflorescence in which the flowers are brought together in a compact head-like cluster, as in the buttonbush, dandelion, sunflower etc. It is the typical flower-cluster of the great composite family. See.  Head′ley, Joel Tyler, an American author, was born at Walton, N. Y., Dec. 30, 1813. He graduated from Union College in 1839, studied theology at Auburn Theological Seminary, and became pastor of a church at Stockbridge, Mass. But ill-health soon compelled him to abandon pastoral work. He became well-known by such historical and popular works as Napoleon and his Marshals and Washington and his Generals. He died on Jan. 16, 1897.  Hear′ing. See. <section end="Hearing" /> <section begin="Hearst, William Randolph" />Hearst, William Randolph, was born in San Francisco, April 29, 1863. He studied at Harvard, but did not graduate. In 1886 he gained possession of The Examiner of San Francisco, a paper that then was on WILLIAM R. HEARST the verge of failure, and quickly made it a financial success and a widely read newspaper. In 1895 he became proprietor of The Journal (now The American) and The Evening Journal, of New York City. He later established The Chicago American and The Examiner, and now has a chain of eight daily newspapers extending from the Pacific coast to New England. He represented the 11th New York Congressional district in the 58th and 59th Congresses. In 1895 he was nominated for the mayoralty of New York, but was defeated. In 1896 he was nominated by the Independence League for governor of New York, and his candidacy was endorsed by the Democratic party, but he failed of election. Under his leadership, in 1908, a convention of the Independence League was held in Chicago, and Thomas L. Hisgen was nominated as its candidate for the presidency. <section end="Hearst, William Randolph" /> <section begin="Heart" />Heart, the organ that propels the blood. A pulsating organ for this purpose is found in worms, insects, the crayfish, snails and other invertebrate animals. In its simplest form it is a pulsating tube with muscular walls that contract rhythmically. In vertebrates there is considerable variation in the heart of fishes, amphibia, reptiles birds and mammals. In adult fishes the heart consists of two chambers — an auricle and a ventricle — the blood entering the first and passing into the second, from which it is pumped<section end="Heart" />