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HAMMOND

832

HAMPTON

vessels, exporting codliver oil and salted fish. It is said to be the most northern town in the world.

Ham'mond, Ind., a progressive town in Lake County, in the extreme northwestern part of Indiana, close to Lake Michigan and within 20 miles of Chicago. It is situated on the Grand Calumet River, and is served by about a dozen railroad lines. It has a number of good schools and churches, with the adjuncts in electric railways and electric lights of a growing modern city. It is distinctively a manufacturing town, having large establishments, including steel-works, nail-mills, foundries, printing and book-binding, chemical, starch and glue works, carriage and flour mills, a slaughtering and meatpacking plant, a large distillery, brick yards, axle and spring factories etc. Population 20,925.

Hammond, William Alexander, an American physician, was born at Annapolis, Md., Aug. 28, 1828, and died at Washington, D. C., Jan. 5, 1900. He was appointed assistant-surgeon of the United States army in 1849, resigning in 1860 to accept the professorship of anatomy in the University of Maryland at Baltimore. During the Civil War he held the important post of surgeon-general. He was an acknowledged authority in the treatment of nervous diseases. Besides medical works, such as Military Hygiene, Sleep and Its Nervous Derangements, Insanity in Its Relations to Crime, he published several novels — Robert Severne, Dr. Grattan, Lai and On the Susquehanna.

Hamp'den, John, English statesman and patriot, was born at London in 1594. He was a Puritan, a relative of Cromwell and one of his strongest and wisest supporters and advisers. He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, and entered Parliament in 1621. Here, although no orator, through his judgment, moderation, purity and force of character he took a leading position in the party. He was noted for his opposition to the unjust measures of King Charles, especially for his refusal to pay the ship-money tax. He took a leading part in the memorable Long Parliament, and was one of the five members whose attempted seizure by King Charles on Jan. 4, 1642, precipitated the Civil War. When hostilities began, he joined the parliamentary army, contributed liberally to its support, raised a regiment of infantry and in the struggle that ensued displayed great bravery and generalship. He was mortally wounded at Chalgrove Field, June 18, 1643, and died June 24. Such was his capacity as a statesman and a soldier that Macaulay has said that, if he had lived, he would have been the Washington of England. See History of the Great Civil War "by Gardiner and Arrest of the Five Members by Forster.

Hamp'ton Normal and Agricultural Institute was opened in 1868 as a school for negroes and Indians in Hampton, Va., by the American Missionary Association. It has a large number of buildings, including a library, gymnasium, dormitories, church, trade-school where blacksmithing, carpentry, housepainting and tailoring are taught, a saw and planing mill, domestic science building, various shops etc. In addition to a campus of 185 acres, the Institute has a stockfarm of 600 acres. The curriculum includes courses in mechanical, civil, electrical and mining engineering. The boys are under military discipline. Much of their expense is met by their labor. The annual income of the Institute is about $170,000. During the vacation a summer-school is held which is largely attended by colored teachers' from the south, aggregating about 500. The majority of its graduates, of whom Booker T. Washington is the most distinguished, are teachers in southern schools, but many others engage in trade and farming.

Hampton Roads, an arm of Chesapeake Bay on the Virginian coast, forming the entrance of James River. It is defended by Fortress Monroe, which is on the northern shore. Here, on March 8, 1862, the United States war-vessels, Congress and Cumberland, were sunk in a naval battle with the Confederate ironclad, Merrimac; and on the 9th of March the contest between the Monitor, the first turreted vessel, and the Merrimac took place.

Hampton, Wade, a distinguished soldier of the Confederacy and a United States

senator. He was born at Charleston, S. C., March 28, i 8 i 8, the third of the name in a distinguished family. He was educated at South Carolina University, and served in the legislature of the state. Here he, opposed secession, but, when the ordinance was passed, entered the Confederate service as a private. During the course of the war he rose to the rank of lieutenant-general, and was in command of the cavalry arm, first in Lee's army and later in Johnston's. In 1878 he was elected governor of South Carolina, and was chosen United States senator from that state in 1879. In 18^3 he was appointed United States commissioner of railroads. He died on April n, 1902.

WADE   HAMPTON