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HALLE

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HALOPHYTES

Tennyson's In Memoriam. See Biographical Sketches by Martineau, and Life in Remains of Arthur Henry Hallam.

Halle (hdl'ld), a city of Prussian Saxony, is situated on the right bank of the Saale and on several small islands of the river, 20 miles northwest of Leipsic. It is famous for its university, which was founded, in 1694, by Frederick I of Prussia. After having been suppressed by Napoleon in 1806 and in 1813, it was reopened in 1815 and united with the University of Wittenberg. In 1906 it was attended by .2,128 students, and had 165 professors and lecturers. As an important railroad center, Halle has of late years increased rapidly in size and prosperity. It is noted for the production of salt, obtained from salt springs within and near the city, which have been worked from before the yth century. Population 169,961.

Hal'leek (hdl'lek), Fitz=Qreene, an American poet was born at Guilford, Conn., July 8, 1790. By his mother he was descended from John Eliot, "the Apostle of the Indians." He was a bank-clerk in New York, and in 1822 became the private seretary of John Jacob Astor, who left him an annuity on which he retired to his native town in 1849. He began to write at an early age, and in 1819 he contributed, with Joseph Rodman Drake, a series of papers in verse to the New York Evening Post. In the same year he published his longest poem, Fanny, a satire on the literature, fashions and politics of the time. His famous poem, Marco Boz-zaris, and the beautiful tribute to Burns appeared in 1822. He published a collection of his poems in 1827 and an enlarged edition in 1845. I*1 ^65 he published his poem, Young America. He died on Nov. 19, 1867. His complete Poetical Writings, edited by his biographer, appeared in 1869. See his Life and Letters, edited by James Grant Wilson

Halleck, Henry Wager, an American general, was born at Westernville, N. Y., Jan. 16, 1815, and graduated at West Pcint in 1839. He served in the Mexican War, and was brevetted captain for gallant services in 1847. He became captain of engineers in 1853, left "the service in 1854, and for some time practiced law in San Francisco. At the beginning of the Civil War he was commissioned major-general in the regular army, and in November, 1861, was appointed commander of the department of the Missouri. In March, 1862, his command was enlarged so as to embrace the Mississippi valley, and after the battle of Shiloh he took personal command of the army operating against Corinth. In July he was made general-in-chief of all the Federal armies, with headquarters at Washington, from which point he directed the operations of the generals in the field until

March, 1864, when he was superseded by General Grant. After the close of the war he commanded the military division of the Pacific until 1869 and that of the South until his death, Jan. 9, 1872. He was the author of Elements of Military Art and of books on mining laws.

Hall of Fame, a colonnade 500 feet in length on University Heights in New York City, its full title being the Hall of Fame for Great Americans. It is built to commemorate the greatest citizens of the United States, whose names are here inscribed on bronze tablets. To be eligible to the Hall of Fame, one must have been born a citizen of the United States and have been dead ten years. Nominations are made by the public and are submitted to a committee of 100 eminent citizens. In the case of men 51 votes are required, and in the case of women, 47. In 1900 the following names were chosen and inscribed: George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Daniel Webster, Benjamin Franklin, Ulysses S. Grant, John Marshall, Thomas Jefferson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Robert Fulton, Washington Irving, Jonathan Edwards, Samuel F. B. Morse, David Glasgow Farragut, Henry Clay, Nathaniel Hawthorne, George Peabody," Robert E. Lee, Peter Cooper, Eli Whitney, John James Audubon, Horace Mann, Henry Ward Beecher, James Kent, Joseph Story, John Adams, William Ellery Channing, Gilbert Stuart and Asa Gray. In 1905 the following additional names were chosen: John Quincy Adams, James Russell Lowell, William T. Sherman, James Madison, John G. Whittier, Alexander Hamilton, Louis Agassiz, John Paul Jones, Mary Lyon, Emma Willard and Maria Mitchell.

Halloween (Vial'Id-en''), the feve of All Hallows or festival of All Saints, which, being the ist of November, Halloween is the night of the 3ist of October. In England and Scotland it was long given to fireside gatherings, with many ceremonies by which to discover a future sweetheart. These are referred to in Burns' well-known poem of Halloween. In this country it is known chiefly as a time for boyish pranks and practical jokes. See Book of Days by Chambers.

Hal'ophytes, plants which grow in salt or alkaline soils. They are found in the vicinity of the seashore, on the margins of salt lakes, about saline springs and on certain arid wastes of the interior which probably were portions of old seabasins. A large area of the last kind is represented by the so-called bad lands of Nebraska and South Dakota. Few plants are able to endure such conditions, the family which has been best able to adapt itself to them being the goosefoot family (Chenopodiacecs), to which belong such weedy plants as the seablight, salt-wort, greasewood etc. Asso-