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GREY

806

GROSBEAKS

lege, Cambridge. He was a member of tke House of Commons from 1880 to 1885, was administrator of Rhodesia in 1896-7, and a Director of the British South Africa Company since 1898. The first Earl Grey was a general in the American Revolutionary war and the second was the celebrated Charles Earl Grey one of the distinguished statesmen of the early part of the last century. The present earl succeeded to the earldom in 1894, and in 1877 married Alice, daughter of Robert S. Holford, M. P. He has one son and two daughters. He was appointed Governor-General of Canada in September, 1904. The Duke of Connaught succeeded him in 1911.

Grey, Lady Jane, English queen for nine days, was born at Broadgate, England, in October, 1537. She was the oldest daughter of Henry Grey, afterward Duke of Suffolk, and Lady Frances Brandon, and was highly educated and accomplished. When but 16, she was married against her will to Lord Guildford Dudley, fourth son of the Duke of Northumberland, to secure the succession of the throne to Northumberland's family after the death of Edward VI, who was then very sick. On July 9, 1553, she was made queen, only three days after the death of Edward, out on the igfh she was taken a prisoner to the Tower, charged with treason, and four months later was sentenced to die. Her father's part in Wyatt's rebellion hastened her death, and she was beheaded on Tower Hill, London, on Feb. 12, 1554. In her speech from the scaffold, she "washed her hands" of any desire to be queen, and said: "I die a true Christian woman." See the Chronicle of Queen Jane.

Grey'hound. See DOG.

Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Karl, a great German scholar, was born at Hanau, Jan. 4, 1785. He studied law and science under Savigny at Paris. His first book was Old German Minstrelsy, soon followed by the famous collection of folk-lore and stories by the two brothers (Jacob and Wilhelm), called Children and House Tales, followed by a second volume in 1814 and the third in 1822. The brothers spent 13 years gathering these stories, mostly from the mouths of peasant-women. Jacob died Sept. 20, 1863, and Wilhelm on Dec. 16, 1859. Jacob's German Grammar is perhaps the greatest work on language-study of the era. His History of the German Lan-guage, German Sagas etc. show the greatest learning and deepest research.

Griqualand (gre'kwd-l&nd), East, now part of Cape Colony, is separated from the southeast coast of Africa by Pondoland, and has Kokstad for its seat of administration. Its area is 7,5 94 square miles, and its population 222,459, of whom 5,8 68 are white.

Grisi (gre'se), Giulia, a celebrated singer, was born in 1811 at Milan, Italy. In 1828

she first appeared at Bologna in Rossini's Zelmira, and in 1832 her appearance in Paris in Semiramis created great admiration. But London was the scene of her greatest triumphs. Bellini's / Puritani and other operas were written for her, but Norma was her greatest r61e. In 1836 she married the Marquis de Melcy and, after his death, the tenor Mario in 1856. She also sang in America, where the purity, sweetness and volume of her voice, together with her great beauty, gained her hosts of admirers. Heine wrote of her as " the singing flower of beauty." She died at Berlin, Nov. 28, 1869.

Gris'tle is the common name for cartilage. It is a firm, elastic substance. It enters largely into the make-up of the animal skeleton. It forms a rudimentary skeleton in the higher mollusks and in certain fishes, hence called cartilaginous fishes. In man and the higher animals it forms a sort of nest for the growth of bone. Temporary gristles supply the place of bone in early life and are slowly changed into bone. For some time after birth the ends of the long bones are mainly gristle. Of permanent gristles, some cover the ends of bones which make joints, as those of the cranium, the knee-joint and the ribs, and are called articular cartilages. Others, because they are elastic, keep open passages, as the gristles of the outer ear, nose and edge of the eyelids, and are called mernbraniform cartilages. Gristle is white or bluish-white, and its basis is a variety of gelatine. It is elastic, not easily broken and will retake its proper shape when bent.

Grosbeaks, interesting members of the finch family. The well-known Cardinal

Bird is the Cardinal Grosb e ak (See CARDINAL BIRD). The rose-breasted grosbeak is a medium-sized bird; black above and white below, its breast marked with a p atch of beautiful rose-color, spots of white on lower part of wings and tail; it has a noticeable blunt, yellow beak. The rose-flush on the breast and the rich, melodious voice distinguish it; the song, bringing to mind that of robin, oriole and wood-thrush, is heard both day and night. The male assists in the brooding. The nest for the speckled, green eggs is built in low tree or

ROSE-BREASTED  GROSBEAK