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GLENS FALLS

774

GLUCK

fare for years, and in 1402 took Lord Gray prisoner, in the same year also capturing Sir Edmund Mortimer. In 1404 he formed an alliance against England with Charles VI of France, who in the following year sent troops to England. Glendower kept up this war all his life, and is believed to have died after 1415. See Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part I.

Glens Falls, N. Y., a town in Warren County, N. Y., on the Hudson River, 45 miles north of Albany and ten miles south of Lake George. It is reached by the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, and has a large trade in lime. It is notable for its splendid water-power, which supplies the town with its electricity and street-railway motor-force, as well as many of its manufactories with the power to run their machinery. It has a number of foundries, machine-shops, sawmills, paper-rmlls, brick, terra-cotta and lime-works. 9k has a number of seminaries for women, including the Glens Falls and St. Mary's academies. Population 15,243.

Gloucester (glos'ter), England, is situated on the left bank of the Severn River. It was the seat of a nunnery, a monastery and a great Benedictine abbey; the latter was suppressed in 1539, to become, two years later, the cathedral of Gloucester. This cathedral is one of the largest and most notable in England, measuring 420 feet by 144. Its tower rises 225 feet, and contains the bell, Great Peter, weighing over three tons. The city has been the seat of eight parliaments. It has grown into a great commercial port, while its manufactures have somewhat declined. Population 54,683.

Gloucester, Mass., a city situated on the southern side of Cape Ann, founded in 1623; incorporated as a town in 1642; and as a city in 1873, is the leading fishing-port of the New World, being also a port of entry. Six thousand men, manning more than 300 vessels, are engaged in catching fish. Other important industries are granite quarrying, shipbuilding and the manufacture of shoes, boxes, isinglass, glue and also of articles relating to the fisheries. Three daily newspapers, a board of trade, a master-mariners' league and a business men's association are among the lively evidences of the enterprising spirit pervading the community. The city has ready communication with Boston by steamship and railroad, an average of two steamers and ten trains running daily each way. As a summer resort, the vicinity of Gloucester furnishes some of the most attractive places along the New England coast,— notably, Magnolia, Eastern Point, Bass Rocks, Long Beach and Annis-quam. The city has 22 ischools, with 5,000 pupils and 133 teachers. Population 24,398.

Glove, the article worn to cover and protect the hand, has a history of interest. It was used in early times, and carried with it many meanings and uses. We are told that Laertes, the farmer-king, wore gloves to protect his hands. The Persians were laughed at for wearing them to keep their hands warm. In the Stoic days of Greece and Rome the glove was looked upon as womanish, but later came into use. In the East it was used to pass the title to property, the exchange of the glove carrying possession of the property. In ancient times a challenge to fight was made by throwing down the glove. It became an almost necessary part of dress in England about the i4th century; and during the Elizabethan period gloves were made with gauntlets, on which much rich embroidery was worked. See Gloves, Their Annals and Associations by Beck.

Gloversville, N. Y., a city in Fulton County, central eastern New York, on the Cayadutta branch of the Mohawk River, 53 miles northwest of Albany. It is on the Fonda, Johnstown and Gloversville Railroad, and is connected with the New York Central and West Shore roads and with the Erie Canal at Fonda. It has many extensive glove-manufactories, being the center of the United States glove-trade; it does a large trade also in the manufacture and preparation of shoe-leather. It has many good schools and churches, and the Nathan Littauer hospital and a Parsons free library are among its prominent institutions. To its large trade in gloves it owes its name. Population 20,642.

Glowworm, the name applied to larvas and wingless females of certain beetles belonging to the firefly family. They all have the power of emitting light from spots on the abdomen. These spots are yellow by daylight but luminous in the dark. The light, however, is not constant but interrupted; it seems to depend upon the action of oxygen upon a substance produced within the cells that make up the light-giving spots. At all events the light is not due to phosphorus, as is commonly believed. See FIREFLY.

Gluck (glook), Christoph Wfllibald RIT-TER VON, the first among great modern opera-writers, was born in Bavaria July 2, 1714. He gave no indications of musical genius until, while at the University of Prague, he was forced to teach music to make both ends meet. At last, at 22, he decided to follow the profession, and went to Vienna. Here he was much patronized, and in 1741 he wrote his first opera and six others in the next four years. In 1745 he was called to London by Lord Middlesex, and while there Handel said of him that his music was "detestable." He afterward produced operas in Rome and Naples, being made a Knight of the Golden Spur by the