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GAINSBOROUGH

Q

Q (/<?), the seventh letter, is a vocal consonant. It represents two sounds: one simple, as in^ gave, the other compound, like that of /, as in gin The first is a guttural, its place being the soft palate and the back of the tongue. The simple sound is called hard g, the compound one soft g. Hard g occurs before a, I, o, r, 5 or u in the same syllable; at the end of a word; sometimes even before e, i or y. Examples: gay> glad, go, grow, bags and gun; berg; and get, gig and muggy. Soft g usually occurs before et $ or y and in gaol. Examples: gem, engine and stingy. G is silent before final m or n, as in phlegm and sign. So is initial g before n, as in gnostic. In some words, from the French, g equals 0, as rouge, G's name and shape, a modified C, come from Latin, probably through French.

Qabun. See FRENCH CONGO. Gadsden Purchase, a name given to that part of New Mexico and Arizona which was purchased from Mexico by Gen. James Gadsden for the United States on Dec. 30, 1853. The sum of $10,000,000 was paid for the territory, which included an area of 45,535 square miles.

Gadski (g&dz'ke), Johanna, German opera singer, born at Anclam, Prussia, 1871. After receiving a musical education at Stettin, she made her de"but in New York, taking the rdle of Brunhilde in Wagner's opera. She is popular as a singer in England, having sung at Worcester Festival and at Co-vent Garden. She was enthusiastically received in America during her concert tour in 1899—00 and her reputation has increased in later years. She is particularly successful in her rendering of Wagner.

Gage, Lyman Judson, American financier and secretary of the treasury in the Mc-Kinley administration, was born at De Ruyter, Madison County, N. Y., on June 28, 1836, and was educated at the academy, Rome, N. Y. For a time he had a junior post in an Oneida bank; but in 1855 he

JOHANNA GADSKI

went to Chicago, where he became cashier in the Merchants' Loan and Trust Company, and in 1868, entering the service of the First National Bank, he rose to be president of the institution. During the Columbian Exposition he acted as president of the board of directors, and has since been president of the Chicago Bankers' Club, the American Bankers' Association and of the Civic Federation of Chicago. In March, 1897, he became secretary of the United States treasury, but resigned in 1902. He resides in New York.

Qaines Mill, Battle of, one of the famous seven days' battles of McClellan's Peninsular campaign. McClellan had crossed the Chickahominy with a part of his army, leaving Gen. Fitz-John Porter with 35,000 men on the north bank. Here Porter was attacked on Jtuie 27, 1862, by the Confederate army, 55,000 strong, under Generals Lee and Stonewall Jackson. After hard fighting .ill day, the Federals were driven back, and the advantage rested with the Confederates, though the result was not decisive. Porter's loss was nearly 7,000 in killed, wounded and prisoners. The locality is about eight miles northeast of Richmond, Va.

Gainesville, Texas, city and county-seat of Cooke County, sixty-five miles north of Fort Worth. It is important as the center of a stock-raising and agricultural region. Its industries include pressed-brick works, carriage and leather-factories, cotton seed-oil and flour-mills, soap-factories and meatpacking establishments. The city has good schools, several churches and the service of two railroads. Population 7,624.

Gainsborough, Thomas, a noted English landscape-painter, was born in Suffolk, in 1727. When fourteen, he was sent to London to study art. He first established himself in Ipswich, later at Bath and finally at London. He was one of the foundatkm-

LYMAN J. GAGE