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FORT DONELSON

silver, coal, petroleum and sulphur. In 1905 the exports amounted in value to 60 million yen (the yen having a value of about 50 c.); while there was a like volume and value of imports. The Japanese administration has effected much improvement in the way of sewerage, water-works, the establishment of hospitals and schools, as well as manufactures. The camphor-industry, together with the fisheries, has been extended, in addition to its agricultural interests. See Guillemand's Cruise of the Marc he si.

For'rest, Edwin, a celebrated actor, was born at Philadelphia March 9, 1806. He first appeared on the stage in 1820, and at 20 played as Othello in New York. He a p -peared with success in London in 1836 and 1837, but injured his reputation there by hissing Mac-ready. He made his last appearance in the part of Richelieu at the Globe theater, B o s t on, in 1871, and died of paralysis on Dec. 12, 1872. His acting of Lear, Othello and Cpriolanus was greatly admired. With him the line of great American actors began. See Life by the Rev. W. R. Alger.

Forrest, Nathan Bedford, a Confederate general, was born in Bedford County, Tenn., on July 13, 1821, He raised a cavalry regiment at the outbreak of the Civil War, and was engaged in the battle of Shiloh. He was an able and daring cavalry leader, commanded the cavalry at Chattanooga and fought at Chickamauga. In April, 1864, he captured Fort Pillow; was promoted to be lieutenant-general in 1865; and surrendered at Gainesvillen on May 9 of the same year. Forrest died at Memphis, Tenn., Oct 29, 1877.

Forrest, Sir John, LL. D., explorer and administrator, was born in Western Australia on Aug. 22, 1847. Entering the surveying department in 1864, he was assigned the command of the expedition which went in search of Dr. Leichhardt in 1869. The following year he commanded the expedition from Perth to Adelaide along the shores of the Great Australian Bight. In 1874 he headed the 2,ooo-mile journey without camels from Champion Bay to the overland telegraph line between Adelaide and Port Darwin through the center of Australia. For this achievement he received a substantial reward from the government and the gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society. Sir John was the

first premier and treasurer of West Australia under responsible government, leaving this office to become minister of defence of the Commonwealth of Australia (1901-1903), then taking the ministry of state for home affairs, which he held until 1904. He was responsible for the building of the great harbor at Freemantle and for the water-supply for the Coolgardie gold fields. He has published Explorations in Australia (1876) and Notes on Western Australia (1884 to 1887).

For'ster, William Edward, an English Liberal statesman, was born in Dorsetshire on July n, 1818, and died at London on April 5, 1886. He was of Quaker ancestry, and was educated at the Friends' school in Tottenham. Settling at Bradford, he engaged in the manufacture of woolens, in which he made a large fortune. In 1861 he entered Parliament and took an active interest in education; was vice-president of the council of education; and carried through the elementary educational bill of 1870 and the ballot-law under the Gladstone administration. In 1874 he visited the United States, and on his return was elected lord-rector of Aberdeen University. In 1880 he became chief secretary for Ireland in Mr. Gladstone's cabinet, and sought to grapple with Irish affairs; but, owing to disagreements with his chief on his leniency toward Parnell and the Land-Leaguers, whom he sought to coerce by drastic legislation, he resigned, and thereafter was at issue with Gladstone over his Irish policy. He was held in high esteem in Parliament for his honesty and independence of character, though from Irish partisans he earned the title of Buckshot Forster from the severity of his views in respect of Irish sedition.

Fort Dodge, la., the capital of Webster County, on Des Moines River, 90 miles northwest of Des Moines. Its railroad connections are furnished by the Mason City and Fort Dodge, Illinois Central and Minneapolis and St. Louis railroads. It has good schools, churches, a college and a Roman Catholic seminary. Its industries include one of the largest oatmeal-mills in the state, besides coal-mines and gypsum-quarries in the vicinity. A former fort here was called Fort Clarke. Population 15,543-

Fort Don'elson, an historic post in Tennessee, on Cumberland River, 12 miles east of Fort Henry. It was strongly fortified by the Confederates during the Civil War, and in 1862, when held by General Floyd with 15,000 troops, was attacked by Commodore Foote, who was driven back. But the forces of General Grant, coming up from the capture of Fort Henry, defeated the Confederate force, which came out of the fort to meet them. General Floyd and a part of his force escaped dur-

EDWIN FORREST