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FOOTE

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FORCE

hands, two backs, three half-backs and five forwards.

Foote, Andrew Hull, an American naval officer, was born at New Haven, Conn., in 1806. He entered the navy in 1822, and was appointed captain in 1849. I*1 I8s6 he carried by storm four forts at Canton, China. On the outbreak of the Civil War he organized and equipped the western flotilla, and in February, 1862, stormed Fort Henry. His services obtained for him the rank of rear-admiral and a vote of thanks from Congress. He died at New York on June 26, 1863. See his Life by Prof. James Hoppin.

Foote, Mary Hallock, American novelist and artist, was born at Milton, N. Y., on Nov 19, 1847, and lived for some years in Colorado, Idaho and California. She then 1 studied art in New York, and did much work in black - and - white for magazines and i book-illustrations. Her residence in the west seems to have impressed Mrs. Foote, and led her to attempt the delineation in fiction of frontier and mining life, and of scenes steeped in local color, characteristic of the west. Her success has been great, especially in such stories as The Led-Horse Claim; John Bodewin's Testimony; Cosur d'Alene; and The Chosen Valley. Other romances and novels include In Exile and Other Stories, The Cup of Trembling, A Story of a Dry Season, The Last Assembly Ball, The Desert, The Sower, A Touch of the Sun and other stories.

Forage=Crops. See FEEDING-STUFFS. For'aker, Joseph Benson, United States senator and jurist, was born near Rainsboro, O.. on July 5, 1846. When the Civil War brcKs out, he enlisted in an Ohio regiment and served throughout the struggle, gaining the rank of first lieutenant and brevet-captain. In 1869 he graduated at Cornell University (N. Y.), and, being admitted to the bar, practiced law at Cincinnati, and was elected judge of the Cincinnati superior court. Resigning in 1882, from ill-health, he became active in politics, and from 1886 to 1890 was Republican governor of Ohio. In 1896 and in 1902 he was elected to the United States senate, where his ability as a debater and constitutional lawyer gave him prominent rank.

Forbes, Archibald, a special correspondent of the London (England) Daily News,

was born in Scotland in 1838. He was educated in Aberdeen University and served in the Royal dragoons. In 1870-71 he acted throughout the Franco-German War as war-correspondent, also throughout the Russo-Turkish campaign in 1877-8 and the Zulu War of 1879. He was noted for his feats of1 audacity in securing items of news, and his ride of no miles in fifteen hours to report the victory of Ulundi, in 1879, is considered his greatest achievement. Mr. Forbes ranked high as a writer of short, stirring war-stories. Among his books are Experiences in the Franco-German War; Memories and Studies of War and Peace; and memoirs of Havelock; Sir Colin Campbell; William I of Germany; Napoleon III and Chinese Gordon. He died in London on March 31, 1900.

Forbes, John Colin, was born in Toronto, Canada, in 1846, but studied in Lon< don, England, at the Royal Academy When he returned to Canada, success camt immediately, especially as a portrait-painter. His portraits of Sir John A. Macdonald, Mr. Gladstone and Lady Helen Blackwood have been much admired. He recently had the great honor of securing sittings from King Edward and Queen Alexandra.

Force, in physics, always means the product of the mass of a body and the acceleration of the body. If we denote the mass of a body by m and its acceleration by a, then the force F, which is acting upon the body, is given by the following defining equation: F = ma.

Strictly equivalent to the preceding definition are the following two: Force is the time-rate at which the momentum of a body is changing; and Force is the space-rate at which the energy of a body is changing. Sometimes force is assigned an objective existence, and is spoken of as the agent which changes the momentum of a body. But, so far as is known, the only things in nature which have an objective existence are matter and energy. The physicist, therefore, prefers to use force merely as a measure of a certain ratio, namely, the rate at which momentum changes in the time. It is important for the student to observe that the momentum of a body may be changing even while the body is at rest, as is the case with a pendulum-bob at the end of its swing. In like manner a body may be in rapid motion and be acted upon by no force, as is the case with a pendulum-bob when passing through its lowest point.

Moment of force is a quantity which plays the same role in rotation that force plays in translation, and it is defined in a strictly analogous manner. Moment of force acting upon any body is measured by the product of the moment o/ inertia of the body and the angular acceleration of the body. Or, what is the same thing, moment of force is the

MARY  HALLOCK   FOOTE