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DOUGLAS a brewery and a stone-quarry. Douglas has a fine system of public schools, several churches, a Y. M. C. A. building and an excellent library, which was presented by the Copper Queen Company. Douglas has gas and water-works, an electric light and power-plant, electric street-railways and the service of the El Paso and Southwestern Railroad. Population, 6,437. 

Doug′las, an ancient noble family of Scotland whose family annals date from the time of William de Douglas, who lived about 1175-1213. From him was descended “the good Sir James,” who fought with Bruce at Bannockburn, and, after Bruce's death, fulfilled his last request, to carry his heart to the Holy Land. William Douglas, Earl of Liddesdale, and Sir William Douglas, descended from “the good Sir James,” were among the most famous warriors of their time. Other members of the family obtained the earldoms of Angus and Morton. The power of the family was once so great that it was commonly said: “No man may touch a Douglas or a Douglas' man; for if he does he is sure to come by the worse.” The family continually engaged in feuds and warfare on the border, especially with the Percy family. A famous member of the family was Archibald, called Bell the Cat. At a meeting of nobles who were debating about a plan to get rid of one of the king's favorites and considering who should do it, he started up, exclaiming: “I will bell the cat.” He tried to persuade King James IV not to make the invasion of England, which ended in the battle of Flodden; and soon after the great defeat he died heartbroken. The Douglas family is now represented by the earls of Selkirk. 

Douglas, Stephen Arnold, an American statesman, was born at Brandon, Vermont, in 1813. His early youth was one of poverty; but he managed to spend three years at Canandaigua Academy, having the study of law in view. In 1833 he went west and settled in Jacksonville, Ill., where he entered on the practice of law and was so successful that he was chosen attorney-general of the state. He soon after was elected to the legislature, and in 1840 became secretary of state for Illinois. He was judge of the Illinois supreme court from 1841 to 1843, when he resigned and was chosen to Congress as a Democrat; and there he at once became recognized as one of the ablest men of his party. He strongly urged the admission of Texas into the Union, and supported President Polk in the War with Mexico. He was opposed to slavery; but believed that Congress did not have the right to restrict it to any part of the country. Hence he was strongly opposed to the celebrated Wilmot Proviso, which was intended to prohibit slavery in any territory that might be gained from Mexico in a treaty of peace. On the question of permitting slavery in the territories Douglas argued that the people who had settled in any particular territory should decide for themselves. This was the origin of the expression: Squatter Sovereignty. Douglas was elected to the senate in 1847, and in 1854 he introduced the Kansas-Nebraska bill, which provided that their own citizens should determine whether these territories should become free or slave-states. In 1860 the Democratic party split into two divisions, one of which nominated Douglas for president, and the other John C. Breckenridge. The ensuing election resulted in favor of Lincoln. Douglas was strongly opposed to secession, and delivered several addresses on the subject after the outbreak of the Civil War. He died at Chicago, on June 3, 1861. See Life of Douglas by Sheehan and Life by Flint.  Douglass, Frederick, an American orator and journalist, once a slave, was born near FREDERICK DOUGLASS Easton, Md., about 1817. He ran away from his master in 1838, and took up his residence at New Bedford, Mass. In 1841 he began to lecture against slavery, and became well-known as an orator. In 1845 he published an account of his life, and later went to England, where he lectured eloquently against slavery to large audiences. In 1847 he published a journal at Rochester, N. Y. When the war broke out, he urged the employment of colored troops and helped to organize regiments of them. In 1870 he became editor of the New National Era at Washington. He was appointed minister to Haiti by President Harrison. See his Life and Times by himself. He died on Feb. 20, 1895. 

Doukhobors. See. 

Douma. See. 

Douro, a large river of Spain and Portugal. It rises on the frontier of the province of Soria, and flows in a westerly direction until it empties into the Atlantic near Oporto. It is 500 miles long; but navigation is difficult because of rocks and sandbanks, and it is little used for commerce. It has many tributaries, the most important being the Pisuerga.  Douw or Dow, Gerhard, a celebrated Dutch painter, was born at Leyden in 1613. He learned the art of glass-painting, and afterward became a pupil of Rembrandt for some years. He became for a time a portrait-painter, but was slow at his work and had trouble in getting anyone to sit<section end="Douw, Gerhard" />