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DORIANS

545

DOUGLAS

he helped the citizens to form a constitution and a republican government that existed until 1815. He was called the Father and Liberator of his Country. He afterward engaged in an expedition against the Turks, and also aided Charles V in the conquest of Tunis. He died at Genoa in 1560. See The Conspiracy of Fieschi by Celesia.

Dorians, one of the two foremost races of the ancient Greeks, the other being the lonians. They claimed to be descended from Dorus, a son of Hellen, and settled in the Peloponnesus. They founded Sparta, Argos and Messenia. Their colonies were planted in Crete, Cyrenaica, Sicily and Asia Minor. The Dorians differed from the lonians in their simplicity of life and stern and rough but solid character, which showed itself in their manners, laws and dialect as well as in the unadorned simplicity of their architecture. The lonians, on the other hand, were noticeable for their eloquence and delicacy of taste and for their love of luxury.

Doric Order. See ARCHITECTURE and GREEK ARCHITECTURE.

Dorion, Sir Antoine Aime, Canadian statesman and jurist, was born in the province of Quebec in 1818, and died at Montreal, May 31, 1891. Educated at Nicolet College, he early studied law and in 1842 was admitted to the bar. From 1854 to 1861 he represented Montreal in the old Canadian Assembly, and Hochelaga he represented up to the era of Confederation in 1867. In the Dominion legislature he sat for five years, and was then elevated to the bench of Lower Canada (Quebec province), becoming chief-justice, with a seat in the privy council. lie was knighted in 1877. Sir Antoine was in politics a Canadian Liberal, and leader of the French-Canadian Rouge party.

Dormouse, a small animal of squirrel-like habits, confined to the Old World. It is

DORMOUSE

related both to the mice and the squirrels, but in structure is intermediate between them. It lives in trees and bushes, feed-

ing on nuts and "berries, and sits erect on its haunches like a squirrel when eating. It lays up a store of food for winter, and when cold weather comes it curls up in its nest and sleeps. On warm days it is likely to wake, eat and fall asleep again. Its name signifies the sleeping mouse. Dormice are tamed and kept as pets. ^ In the United States the common white-footed mouse is often called dormouse.

Dorr, Thomas Wilson, was born at Providence, R. I, in 1805. Under the old charter of Rhode Island, only men who had a certain amount of real estate, and their eldest sons, had the right to vote. In 1841 the party in favor of general suffrage formed a new constitution, and chose Mr. Dorr as governor. The government of the state, which was chosen according to the old charter, resisted, and Dorr was arrested, convicted of treason and sentenced to imprisonment, but was pardoned in 1847. He died at Providence, Rhode Island, in 1854.

Dorsiven'tral Habit (in plants), the habit in plant-bodies which exposes two surfaces to different conditions. For example, in a liverwort one side of the body rests upon the soil or some other substratum, and the other is exposed to the light. As a result the two surfaces develop very much unlike. Ordinary leaves are dorsiventral, one surface being directed upward, the other toward the ground. The contrasting term is radial, in which all sides of an organ are exposed alike, as in an erect stem.

Dortmund (ddrt'mobnt}, a town of Germany in the Prussian province cf Westphalia, about 50 miles northeast of Cologne. Near it are many coal-mines, in which several thousand persons are employed. Iron-ore also abounds, and many forges and blast-furnaces have been built. The manufactures include tobacco, iron, steel, machinery, porcelain, oil, flour and woolen, linen and cotton-fabrics. There is a large number of breweries. Among the chief buildings are the large railway-station and the old historic churches. During the middle ages Dortmund was a free town, having its own government. Population^

I75^77-

Douglas, a thrifty city in Cochise County, Arizona, in which two of the great smelters of the country are located. There is but one smelter in the world larger than the Copper Queen at Douglas, and the Calumet and Arizona follows closely in its output. In one year these two smelters produced 15 % of the entire copper-output of the world. The ore is supplied from mines surrounding the city, but principally from Bisbee. These smelters give employment to 2,000 people, and besides copper they produced gold, silver, lead and other minerals. Other industries are a large cement-plaster wor&s,