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DELAWARE  seminaries and high-schools; Delaware College at Newark (co-educational) has scientific and normal departments.

Government. The governor serves for four years, and has larger power in appointing to office than most governors, but has no veto-power. The state is practically out of debt. The townships are called hundreds, after an English custom older than King Alfred's time. Every county-jail still has its pillory and whipping-post. One sixteenth of the people are foreigners, and one sixth are colored. There are but three counties, and in view of the many marshes Randolph of Roanoke once said that the Delaware senators represented three counties at low tide and one county at high tide. The state is well-served with railroads. The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, which joins the two bays at their necks, was finished in 1829. The capital is Dover, and the only large city is Wilmington (population, 87,411). The population of the state is 202,322, making it the smallest state in population except Wyoming and Nevada.

History. The first white settlers of Delaware were 32 Hollanders, who were all massacred by the Indians. In 1638 Peter Minuit was sent out by Queen Christina of Sweden, and built Fort Christina on the site of Wilmington, garrisoned with Swedes and Finns. The Dutch afterward won the province from the Swedes, and in turn were ousted by the English. The duke of York, who was proprietor both of Delaware and of New Amsterdam, granted Delaware to William Penn in 1682; but it never was considered a part of Pennsylvania. The colony took an earnest part in the Revolutionary War and suffered for its patriotism, for Lewes was bombarded and Newark and Wilmington captured by the British. Delaware was the first state to ratify the constitution. Though a slave-holding state, it did not secede during the Civil War. Delawareans are called The Blue Hen's Chickens, a nickname given their soldiers in the Revolutionary War, because of the saying of one of their officers that no cock was game unless it came from a blue hen.  Delaware or De La Warr, Thomas West, Lord, was appointed captain-general and first governor of Virginia in 1609. He reached the colony in the next year, with three ships. He found the colonists in despair because of scarcity of food and bad government, but by good management he made them orderly, contented and industrious. In 1611 ill-health sent him back to England. In 1618 the bad government under which the Virginians suffered turned their thoughts to Lord Delaware, and they urged him to become their governor. He set out to meet their wishes, but died on the voyage.  Delawares, a tribe of the great Algonquin family of Indians, were found by the whites in detached bands, under chiefs or sachems, dwelling on the Delaware River, and calling themselves Lenapes. The Dutch, the Swedes and the English all traded with them peaceably. William Penn bought large tracts of their lands. The Delawares claimed that they were cheated in this walking-treaty, as it was called, and at first were not going to remove. But the Pennsylvanians called on the Six Nations for help, who haughtily ordered the Delawares, as women, to retire. They at this time were composed of three clans, those of the Turtle, the Turkey and the Wolf. From this time they kept splitting into bands and changing their homes. The Ohio, Muskingum, Miami, parts of Canada, the White River of Missouri, the Red River and the Kansas were successively homes of the Delawares. Most of them now are on the Verdigris River, on lands bought from the Cherokees. The Delawares fought at Braddock's defeat, took part in the wars of Pontiac, helped the Miamis in the defeat of St. Clair in 1791, fought against the Sioux, and in the Civil War sent most of their warriers to join the north. The early Swedish settlers attempted to Christianize them; but the best work among them was done by the Moravians, beginning in 1741. In 1866 the United States government allowed them to become citizens, which they chose to do, their lands and money held by the government being divided among the members of the tribe. Tammany, the name adopted by the well-known political society of New York city, was an early Delaware chief. The Delawares now number about 1,000.  Delcassé, Théophile, French minister of foreign affairs, was born at Pamiers on Nov. 1, 1852,and began his career early. In 1889 he entered the French chamber, and in 1893 became under-secretary for the colonies, and in the following year colonial minister in the Dupuy cabinet. He was a consistent advocate of colonial expansion, and had charge of the Fashoda interests in the Méline cabinet in 1898 as minister of foreign affairs. He retained the latter post in the Waldeck-Rousseau ministry, under the presidency of Emile Loubet. In 1899 he negotiated the agreement with Great Britain as to the Nile valley and Central Africa.  Del′hi, the chief city of the Punjab, India, is situated on the Jumna River, 954 miles northwest of Calcutta. It is walled on three sides, has ten gates and stands on high ground. The city is joined to southern India by two railroads. Among the buildings stands foremost the famous palace of Shah Jehan, 3,200 feet long by 1,600 feet broad. In the heart of the city stands the great mosque, one of the finest