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BARLEY

DARTMOUTH COLLEGE

Smerdls, the brother of Cambyses, and fcad seized the throne. Accurate accounts of the reign of Darius are given by means of a monument of his time, the famous inscription on the rock of Behistun. For years he had to contend with revolts in various parts of his empire. Babylon revolted twice, and the first time it resisted him for nearly two years. He organized the Persian empire, removing the seat of government to Susa, and dividing his dominions into 120 satrapies. He did much to improve the internal administration, and encouraged commerce and the arts by useful institutions and laws. He pushed his conquests as far as the Caucasus and the Indus. In 508 he had an admiral explore the river, fie made an expedition against the Scythians, crossing the Bosporus on a bridge of boats, and subdued Macedonia and Thrace. He made two expeditions against Greece. In the first his fleet was wrecked at Mount Athos in 492, and in the second he was defeated at the battle of Marathon in 490. An Egyptian revolt also disturbed the latter years of his reign. Under Darius the Zoroastrian faith became the state-religion. Darius favored the Jews, and under him the second temple was built, being completed in the sixth year of his reign (515). He was succeeded by Xerxes.

Dar'ley, Felix O. C., a noted American artist, was born at Philadelphia, June 23, 1822, and died March 27, 1888. He early took to drawing with such success as to encourage him to devote himself entirely to art, especially in the form of book illustrations. Among his best known works are his outline drawings to Irving's Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle. He illustrated Cooper's and Dickens' novels, with many other works. Some of the finest figures and scenes on the government bonds and legal-tender notes were designed by him. He also turned out some larger works. After a foreign trip he brought out Sketches Abroad with Pen and Pencil.

Dar'ling, Grace, a name famous in the annals of heroism, was the daughter of William Darling, lighthouse-keeper on Long-stome, one of the Fame Islands, and was born at Bamborough, Nov. 24, 1815. On the morning of Sept. 7, 1838, a vessel was wrecked at Barker's Rock among the islands, and was seen by Grace Darling from the lighthouse, lying a wreck on the rocks. By wonderful strength and skill she and her father brought their boat to where the nine survivors were clinging, and within a few hours all were saved. The risk was great, and the feat required great daring. Grace Darling was loaded with honors and presents, but died soon after of consumption on Oct.

20, 1842.

Barling River, a tributary of Murray River, in Australia. It is formed by the union of several headwaters, all of which rise ^i the great dividing range. Its length, with

its tributaries, is estimated at 1,160 miles, and the system thus formed drains an area of 198,000 square miles. It joins the Murray at Wentworth, on the borders between New South Wales and South Australia. Darling also is the name of a mountain-range and of two districts in Australia.

Darmstadt (ddrm'stdf), a city of Germany, capital of the grand-duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, lies on the small River Darm, 15 miles south of Frankfort-On-Main. There are several public squares and five public gardens and promenades. Among other buildings there are two palaces. The old ducal palace contains museums of paintings, natural history, etc. In Prince Charles' palace is Holbein's famous Meyer Madonna. There are a good trade and a number of manufactures; but the town depends more on its ducal court and government offices than on its industries. Population, 87,085.

Darnley. See MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS.

Darrah, Mrs. Ljdia, a Quaker heroine of the Revolutionary War, residing in Philadelphia in 1777, during the British occupation. From this patriot lady the English adjutant-general, the story goes, rented one of her rooms for a conference with his brother-officers; and, suspecting some plot against Washington's army, then near-by, Mrs. Darrah, it seems, overheard an order dictated to attack Washington's troops at White Marsh on Dec. 4. The information gleaned enabled Mrs. Darrah to give warning of the projected attack, and that at a critical moment, with the result that Washington was prepared to meet the British design and entirely nullify its results.

Dart'moor, a desolate upland in Devonshire, England, the source of all the principal rivers of the county. It is remarkable for its wild and rugged scenery, its trackless wastes and its mineral products. Its extreme length from north to south is 25 miles, and from east to west 20. The hills are called tors, and usually have crests of granite, worn by the weather into odd shapes. There are many rude stone-antiquities, earthworks and Cyclopean bridges. The principal mineral products are tin and china-clay or kaolin. Dartmoor is chiefly noted as the site of a prison, built in 1806, for the custody of French prisoners of war. On the breaking out of the War of 1812, 2,500 impressed sailors, claiming to be American citizens and refusing to fight against their country, were imprisoned here, and most of them kept until the end of the war. Accounts of their harsh treatment caused much bitter feeling in the United States. The prison inclosures occupy an area of 30 acres, encircled by a double line of lofty walls. The prison now is a convict-depot.

Dartmouth College. See HANOVER.