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CODLIN-MOTH

419

COFFEE

lay an immense number of eggs—as many as 9,000,000 from a 75-pound fish. The cod are caught with hook and line, and great numbers are salted as food. Cod-liver oil is a well-known medicine.

CodlinWHoth (Carpocapsa pomonella of Linnseus), according to Comstock "the best known and probably the most important insect-enemy of the fruit-grower," is gray with bronze markings, and has a wing-spread of less than an inch across. The eggs are laid in the middle of the blossom, and hatch into tiny maggots, which eat to the center of the young apple. When the apple drops, as it does prematurely, the grown larva crawls out and into the ground. Later it spins its cocoon under the scales of the bark of the apple-trees. Large numbers are destroyed while in this stage by woodpeckers. The larvae of the second brood are carried late in the fall to where apples are stored for the winter, and live to the next spring. It is estimated that this moth causes $7,000,000 damage yearly in Illinois, Nebraska and New York. Preventive: Paris green or lead arsenate sprayed on the trees just as the blossoms fall, with a repetition of the treatment in a few days if rainy weather follows. (See SPRAYINO.)

Cody, William Frederick, an American frontiersman and scout, was born in Iowa,

Feb. 26,1846. He is familiarly known as Buffalo Bill, having earned the sobriquet by having killed, in 18 months (1867-8), over 4,000 buffaloes on the plains, to feed the laborers en-' gaged in the construction of t h e Kansas Pacific Railroad. H e for some time in 1868-72 acted as government scout and guide, and served in the field-operations against the Sioux and Cheyennes. In the battle of Indian Creek he killed Yellow Hand, the Cheyenne chief, in a hand-to-hand fight; and was also in the battle of Wounded Knee. In 1872 he was a member of the Nebraska legislature. Since 1888 he has been at the head of the Wild-West Show, an exhibition of Indians, rough-riders, cow-boys and frontiersmen, whom he got together to make a tour with throughout the chief towns of the continent and Europe. He is a joint-author of The Great Salt Lake Trail.

^ Coelenterata  (se-len'ter-a! id),   the   sub-kingdom of animals containing the hydra,

w. F. CODY

sea-anemone, jelly-fish and coral animals. With the exception of the fresh-water hydra and a rare jelly-fish, they all inhabit salt water. There are several types ot animals embraced within this subkingdom. The hydroids are colonial and branching. They have often been collected and pressed under the name of sea-moss. The polyps or individuals living on the branches are of two kinds: the feeding and the medusoids. The latter are modified polyps. When mature, they resemble jelly-fish and are set free, swimming about independently. They bear the eggs and sperms. When the eggs develop they are converted into the branched colonial forms and as a consequence, there is an alternation of generations. The medusoids lead naturally to the jelly-fish, which are free swimming and of diversified form. Many of them have an umbrella-shaped disc with tentacles and other structures hanging from it. Formerly they were called medusse. The coral-animals are both solitary and colonial or branching. All of these animals have lasso-cells, containing minute darts or threads which are capable of being discharged. In some forms they are long enough to penetrate the human skin, and these can inflict severe stings. The Ctenophora or comb-bearers make a separate class. See CORAL, HYDRA, JELLYFISH,

Coenocyte (se1'no-sit), a plant body which contains no dividing walls, but consists of a single body cavity sur-rounded by the general bounding wall. Such bodies contain numerous nuclei, and may be regarded as being composed of just as many cells, which have not formed walls about t h e m-s e 1 vr e s. The ccenocytic body is chiefly displayed b y the siphon forms among the green algae and by the Phycomycetes among the Fungi.

Coffee, the seed of the coffee-tree and also a well-known drink made from the same. The coffee-tree is a native of Abyssinia, Arabia and many parts of Africa.

BOTRYDIUM, SHOWING A CCENOCYTIC   BODY