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COBALT

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COBOURG

kept moist, the chloride remains invisible; but when dried before a fire, it quickly appears as blue ink. The metal is found pure in meteorites, but otherwise is found only in compounds, usually with arsenic or sulphur. It is not abundant, though widely distributed.

Cobalt, a noted mining center in the district of Nipissing, Ontario, Canada, lying

¥' ist south of the arable lands of Lake emiscaming. Discovered in 1904, it now has 25 producing and shipping mines, the owners of which have become very wealthy men. In 1904 the camp (largely in the one township of Coleman) produced 158 tons (silver) valued at $136,217; in 1905, 2144 tons valued at $1,473,196; in 1906, 5129 tons valued at $3,900,000. Over 14,-ooo tons were shipped in 1907 valued at $9,500,000. It is believed that the value of the shipments for 1908 will exceed $10,-000,000. The mines are only beginning to be worked in a methodical, scientific way. The Nipissing, the O'Brien, the La Rose and the Coniagas are especially noted for their richness and extent. The district produces other valuable minerals besides silver, including cobalt, nickel and arsenic. Cobalt (the mineral which gives the town its name) is a comparatively rare mineral, used chiefly for coloring glass and fine china and pottery, but also for making paints and pigments. A greater variety of rare minerals has, it is said, been found in the broken reef that runs west from the St. Lawrence than in any other region in the world. Cobalt is 3 30 miles from Toronto, and is reached by trie Grand Trunk Railway via North Bay. From five small veins which have been quite recently opened in an area less than a mile in length and half a mile in breadth, surrounding Cobalt station on the Temiscaming and Northern Ontario Railway, four hundred thousand dollars' worth of ore has been shipped. The records of this railway show 4663 tons of rich ore shipped in 1907. And this wonderful district is only on the threshold of development. In conjunction with the rich finds of silver ore there are found cobalt, nickel and arsenic.

Cobb, Howell, born in Georgia in 1815, became a lawyer, and was member of Congress from 1843 to 1851. In 1849 after a debate that lasted three weeks, he was elected speaker. This was a victory for the southern party, that sought to introduce slavery into California, which had been ceded by Mexico to the United States and was about to enter the Union as a state. In 1851 Cobb became governor of Georgia. He presided over the Congress that adopted the Confederate constitution, and on the outbreak of war he became major-general In the army of the south. After peace was declared, he bitterly opposed the policy of reconstruction until his death in 1868.

Cobbe, Frances Power, an English reformer, philanthropist and author, was born in Ireland, Dec. 4, 1822. Early in life she devoted herself to relief-work among women and to various reforms, by addresses, lectures and articles in the newspaper and periodical press. She has actively opposed vivisection, and for 18 years was honorary secretary of a society for the protection of animals from vivisection. She has also been a zealous worker in educational and philanthropic projects, and written extensively, from a "Unitarian point of view tinged with rationalism, on theistic ethics and belief. Her chief writings embrace Studies, Ethical and Social; Intuitive Morals; Religious Duty; Hopes^ of the Human Race; Duties of Women; Darwinism in Morals; A Faithless World; The Scientific Spirit of the Age; etc. Her autobiography appeared in 1894, and her death occurred in 1904.

Cob^den, Richard, "the apostle of free trade," was born at Heyshott, England, June 3, 1804. After five miserable years in a "Dotheboys school/' he was given a position in his uncle's wholesale warehouse in London. After setting up for himself in the calico-printing business, he settled at Manchester in 1832. He was an energetic member of the Manchester Anti-Corn Law League, which opposed all duties on corn [wheat]. Becoming a member of Parliament, his speeches in the house and lectures throughout the country had great effect in bringing about the repeal of the corn-laws in 1846. In politics he was against the Crimean War, declined to serve under Palmerston as president of the board of trade, and arranged the treaty of commerce with France in 1860. Throughout his life he was earnest and simple-minded. In Parliament he was the master of clear, persuasive speech, and was the champion of free trade, peace, non-intervention and economy. He died on April 2, 1865.

Coblenz or Koblenz (ko'bttnts), a city of Prussia, at the junction of the Rhine and the Moselle. It is strongly fortified by a wall and a series of forts, especially the castle Ehrenbreit stein, which was built by Emperor Julian and is deemed almost unassailable. The defensive works will shelter 100,000 men, though 5,000 are deemed enough to defend them. The magazines are designed to hold provisions for 8,000 men for ten years, and the cisterns to hold a three years' supply of water. The old church of St. Castor, built in 836, and its palace are the chief features of the city. Its main trade is in champagne and cigars. Coblenz became a part of Prussia in 1815, Population, 53,897.

Cobourg (kd'bodrg), a favorite summer resort, 70 miles east of Toronto on Lake Ontario. Population, 5,000. Some beautiful homes have been erected by wealthy Americans who spend the summer there%