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CARTWRIGHT

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CASCADE RANGE

to work, and by April of the following year he had his first power-loom in running order. The invention was opposed both by spinners and their workmen, and the first factory was burned down. But improvements were added, and it finally made its way. Cartwright spent the remainder of his life in experiments in the use of steam-power in boats and carriages, but died without reaching any result. For his invention Parliament voted him $50,000.

Cart'wright, Peter, the "Backwoods Preacher," was born in Amherst County, Va., in 1785. His family moved early to Kentucky, and when about 16 he became interested in religion. For many years he preached to the backwoodsmen, and his sim-ble, forcible and earnest words made a deep impression. In 1812 he was made a presiding elder, and spent over 65 years in different western conferences. He traveled n circuits and 12 presiding-elder's districts; received more than 10,000 members into the church; baptized more than 12,000 persons; and preached in all about 15,000 sermons. His story is told in his Fifty Years a Presiding Elder and the Autobiography of Peter Cartwright the Backwoods Preacher. He died in Illinois in 1872.

Cartwright, Rt. Hon. Sir Richard John, P. C. (Great Britain), G. C.M.G., K.C,. M.G., was born at Kingston, Ont., Dec. 14, 1835, the son of the late Rev. R. D. Cartwright, chaplain to the forces, and was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He has been in the parliament of old Canada and that of the Dominion almost continuously since 1863, was finance minister from 1873 to 1878, chief financial critic and one of the Opposition leaders from 1879 to 1896, acting premier and leader of the house of commons in 1897 an<i minister of trade and commerce of the Dominion in the Laurier cabinet. In 1897 ^e went to Washington for the promotion of better relations between Canada and the United States, proposed a joint commission, and served on the Anglo-American Joint High commission at Quebec in 1898 and in Washington in 1898-9.

Caruso, Enrico. Born at Naples, Italy, in 1872. The son of a mechanic, and, as a boy, working for two lire (40 cents) a day. With later years he developed a vibrant and expressive voice which led to his d6but on the operatic sta^e in 1896. He appeared at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City in November, 1903, and at later dates, and has sung in South America, Russia and England. He has been decorated by the kings of Italy and Portugal.

Ca'ry, Alice and Phoebe, American authors, were born near Cincinnati in 1820 and 1824, respectively. Though receiving only a slight education, they early began''

to write. The poems of Alice and Phoebe Gary showed much poetic power. The two sisters removed to New York in 1852. Alice became a constant contributor to the leading magazines, and also wrote novels and poetry, which subsequently appeared in book-form. The writings of Phcebe consist mainly of poems. Both sisters died in 1871.

Casas (Ids ka'sas}, Bartolom^ de las, bishop of Chiapa in Mexico, called the Apostle of the Indians, was born at Seville, Spain, in 1474. He studied at Salamanca, and with his father set out on the third voyage of Columbus, and in 1502 accompanied Nicholas de Ovando to Hispaniola. In 1511, having the year before entered the priesthood, he was sent to Cuba to help to pacify the island, and for his services he received an allotment of Indians as slaves. But soon sympathy for them in their piteous condition moved him to go to Spain and ask for a commission to investigate into their condition. He further sought that negro slaves be imported to take the place of the Indians in the heavier work and thus prevent their total extermination. He also attempted to take out Castilian peasants as colonists, but, failing in this, he retired to a Dominican convent in Hispaniola to spend eight years in solitude and study. In 1530 he again visited Spain, and after four years of missionary work in Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru and Guatemala he returned to spend four more years in the hope of gaming his purpose. During this period he wrote Veynte Razones (Twenty Reasons) and Brevissima Relation de la Destruycion de las Indias, which has been translated into all European languages. He was offered the bishopric of Cuzco, but preferred the poor one of Chiapa, and arrived at Ciudad Real, its chief city, in 1544. Here he persisted in his campaign against the allotments of Indians, but the revocation of the new laws by Charles V caused him to resign in 1547. In 1550 he argued before a junta against Sepulveda, who advanced the right to carry on war against the Indians, and in 1555 he prevailed upon Philip II not to sell the reversionary rights of the allotments. The restoration of the court of justice to the native Guatemalans was the last act before his death, which occurred in a convent at Madrid, July, 1566, at the age of 92. See Life by Sir Arthur Helps.

Cascade (ktis-kdd) Range, a range of mountains in the western part of Washington and Oregon and British Columbia, forming a continuation of the Sierra Nevada of California. It runs nearly north and south at an average distance of about 100 miles from the seacoast. The chain throughout most of its course is heavily wooded; but its chief feature is the presence of beautiful cone-shaped and perpetually snow-