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CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS

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CARPET-SWEEPER

nent, and employed a great variety of figures and costumes. Benedetto, his son, lived about 1550, and painted a fine Coronation of the Virgin.

Carpathian (kdr-pd'th%-an) Mountains, the second great range of central Europe, extend in a great semicircle over a space of 880 miles from Presburg on the Danube to Orspva on the same river. They lie almost entirely within the Austrian dominions, forming two great masses: one in Hungary, which abounds in minerals; and one in Transylvania, whose highest peak, Negoi, is 8,343 feet high. Between the peaks are lower ranges of wooded mountains. Forests, steep precipices, narrow ravines and extinct craters combine to make the Carpathians a magnificent spectacle. The mine 5 of Schemnitz in \he Hungarian range are celebrated.

Car'pel. The innermost structure of the flower, which contains the ovules. A flower may have one or more carpels which remain separate from one another or unite to form a single pistil. See FLOWER.

Car'penter, William Benjamin (born 1813, died 1885), an English medical man and great writer on physiology, was born in Exeter, and after studying medicine devoted himself to scientific study and investigation. He was appointed at different times lecturer and professor at various institutions, and edited a medical review and a Popular Cyclopaedia of Science. He made three voyages to the North Atlantic and Mediterranean to make explorations in the deep sea, in the study of biology. In 1882 he lectured in the United States. His work and writings have done much for science. Among his publications may be mentioned Zoology and the Instincts of Animals, The Microscope and its Revelations, a work on Comparative Physiology and The Principles of Mental Physiology.

Carpet, a covering for floors, usually manufactured principally, of wool. Carpets of some sort dats back to very early times. They were in use in ancient Greece and Italy and probably in Egypt. Among the most famous carpets are those of Persia. Even among the higher classes there, carpets form nearly all the furniture of a room, and a Persian not only sits and sleeps upon a carpet, but makes a table of one. Fine Persian carpets are highly prized for their beautiful designs and the quiet harmony of their colors. Small pieces of old Persian carpets recently Fold in Paris for over $5,000 apiece. Indian carpets and Turkey carpets are well known varieties. A few Turkish and imitation Persian carpets are made in Adrianople. The Scotch carpet is the oldest kind of machine-made carpet. The Brussels is a famous European make. In this carpet the worsted threads are interwoven into a network of linen. It is woven on a loom with an apparatus which, at each throw of the < huttle, raises such of the colored yarns to the surface as the pattern requires. Velvet, tapestry and

jute carpets are also much used. Great Brit* ain is the great center of the world's carpet-making, including the well known Brussels, Wilton, Kidderminster and Ax minster vari-ties. In the United States carpet-manufacture has also become an important industry, and many of the most valuable improvements are the result of American inventive genius. There are in the United States about 400 carpet-factories, which annually produce about 75,000,000 yards of carpeting, valued at over $60,000,000. Philadelphia is the most important seat of the industry in the United States. Associated with the trade in carpets and pile-fabrics is that in rugs and tapestry. The latter was early known to the Greeks, and had been carried to a high state of perfection at Athens, but it is usually associated with the Flemish weavers of Arras d.uring the 15th and i6th centuries. It was introduced into England by Wm. Sheldon, in Henry VIIFs reign, and into Paris by Henri IV about 1606, the Gobelin tapestry being-due to Louis XIV. The Bayeux tapestry is simply a roll of linen-cloth worked with colored thread.

Carpet-Baggers. After the Civil War the southern states fell largely into the hands of the negroes, who had just received the right to vote. To take advantage of their ignorance many politicians of low principles came down from the no. th, and became citizens of such states and then leaders of the negro voters. They were called carpetbaggers because many of them had no property interest in the southern states, and came down with nothing but what they could carry in a carpet-bag. These men, having got into office and power, proceeded to rob the southern states and to humiliate the southern whites. In many cases they laid a burden of debt and of unwise legislation upon those states.

Carpet-Beetle, a small beetle, the larva of which is very destructive to carpets, woolen clothing, furs and feathers. It has attracted wide attention in recent years on account of its injury, especially to carpets. The larva is about one fifth of an inch long, and covered with dark brown hairs. It is frequently called buffalo-moth. The perfect insect is a small black, white and red beetle, about one seventh of an inch long, feeding on the pollen of flowers—often on currant bushes. They enter houses in the spring to lay their eggs. The best way to avoid this pest is to use rugs instead of carpets and trap the larvae by woolen cloths on the floors of closets.

Carpet=Sweeper, a familiar and useful device in the economics of the household for brushing carpets and rugs with ease, efficiency and the absence of dust. It consists of a revolving brush enclosed in a wooden and metal box, and is put in mechanical operation by pushing the attached long handle back and forth on the carpet, the revolving