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CARLYLE

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CARMICHABL

eral springs are said to have been discovered in 1370 by Emperor Charles IV, to whom a statue has been raised in the market place. It is crowded with 'visitors from June to August, the number averaging from 25,000 to 30,000. Population, 12,579. C a r 1 y 1 e (kar-lil'), Thomas, a great British historian and essayist, was born at Ecclefechan, Scotland, Dec. 4, 1795. He was educated at Edinburgh University, and for a number of years supported himself by teaching. At the same time he was engaged in literary work and study. He wrote articles for the Edinburgh Encyclopedia, the Edinburgh Review and various other magazines, making,besides, many translations from the German. Sartor Resartus is perhaps Carlyle'smost characteristic work. Its fantastic hero, Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, illustrates in his life and opinions what Carlyle calls the Philosophy of Clothes. But the work which established his reputation as a genius of the highest order, and proved him to be, as Goethe said, "a new moral force in the world" was his French Revolution, Perhaps the most successful of his works is Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, which entirely changed the current opinion regarding that character. The History of Frederick the Great is Car-lyle's most ambitious work. During a number of years Carlyle lectured on German Literature, the Successive Periods of European Culture, the Revolutions of Modern Europe and Heroes and Hero-Worship. He died at the age of 86, Feb. 4, 1881, at his home in Chelsea, London, where he had lived for 40 years. Many honors were offered to Carlyle, most of which he refused; but he accepted the appointment of lord-rector of Edinburgh University. His installation address, On the Choice of Books, is a thought-stimulating and instructive work. He was a friend of many of the great men of his day, such as Coleridge, Goethe, John Stuart Mill and Emerson. Carlyle probably exerted a greater influence on British literature during the middle of the i9th century than any man of his time. Although his literary style is peculiar, rough and jerky, yet it is always powerful and often grand. See his life by Froude, his early letters edited by C. E. Norton and the correspondence between Goethe and Carlyle. Carlyle's wife was one of the most accomplished women of her time.

Car'man, Reverend Albert, was born  in eastern Ontario in 1833     He is a graduate

of Victoria University (Cobourg), and taught for some years. In 1874 he was elected a bishop of the Methodist Church in Canada. After the union of the Methodist bodies in 1833 he became general superintendent of the Methodist Church in Canada, and represented the Methodist Church at the Ecumenical Methodist Conference held at Washington in 1891. As preacher, organizer, teacher and controversialist he has but few equals,

Carman [William] Bliss, one of the leading poets of English-speaking America, was born in Fredericton, N. B., April 15, 1861. He graduated from the University of New Brunswick in 1881, and studied later at Harvard University and the University of Edinburgh. After experimenting with law, engineering and teaching he became an editor of the New York Inde-pendent in 1890, and has since devoted himself to writing. His poetic writings are voluminous, and include, in addition to the three volumes of Songs from Vagabondia, written in collaboration with the late Richard Hovey, Low Tide on Grand Pre, A Sea-Mark, Behind the Arras, At Michaelmas, Ballads of Lost Haven, By the Aurelian Wall, St. Kavin, The Green Book of the Bards, The Book of Myths, Ode on the Coronation of King Edward, A Winter Holiday, Songs of the Sea-Children, Songs from a Northern Garden. He is a cousin of Charles G. D, Roberts. Of late Mr. Carman has been writing essays on literary and other topics, several volumes of which have appeared in book form. In him speaks the voice of the Canadian forests and sea coasts, and more than one of his poems gives promise of immortality.

Carmel (kar'mel), meaning woodland or garden land, is the name of a range of hills in the northwest of Palestine, ending at the sea in the promontory of Mt. Carmel. The average height is 1,500 feet above the sea, and the highest elevation is 1,750 feet. Carmel was the scene of some of the great events of Bible history. It was the retreat of the prophets Elijah and Elisha. The brook Kishon flows at its base. A convent is now situated on the mountain, where travelers are entertained. A German colony has settled near the foot of the mount and on its sides.

Carmichael, The Right Reverend James, Bishop of Montreal, born in Dublin, came to Canada, and was ordained in 1859. He became assistant minister of St. George's, Montreal, in 1868, and remained there ten years. He was rector of the Church of the Ascension in Hamilton for some years, but returned to St. George's, Montreal, as rector in 1882, and was appointed Dean of Montreal in 1883. He is president of the Natural History Society of Montreal. He has published several volumes, and is one of the ablest preachers and lecturers in

THOMAS CARLYLE