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BUCKINGHAM

283

BUDAPEST

The sweet, yellow or big buckeye, has no disagreeable odor, and the nuts are eaten by cattle. It is a tall, shapely tree, and bears an abundance of showy yellow flowers. The tree grows along the Alle-

fhanies,  south   to   Georgia   and   west   to owa.

The California buckeye grows along the western coast, is usually a small tree, and has a broad top. See Rogers: The Tree Book; Lounsberry: A Guide to the Trees.

Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of (born 1592, died 1628), the son of an English nobleman, who rose to wealth and

gower under the Stuarts. He accompanied harles I to Madrid in his unsuccessful suit for the hand of the Spanish princess, and made the arrangements for Charles's marriage with the Princess Henrietta of France. He involved England in war, and became very unpopular, but remained in high favor with the king. He was finally assassinated.

Buck'land, William (born 1784, died 1856), an English geologist, was lecturer for many years at Oxford on mineralogy and geology, and by his researches and writings did much for geology as a science. He practically founded the geological museum in Oxford. Geology and Mineralogy, Considered with Reference to Natural Theology, \& one of his most popular works.

Buck'ner, Simon Bolivar, a Confederate general, was born in 1823 in Kentucky, graduated at West Point, and took part in the War with Mexico. He joined the southern army in the Civil War and became a major-general. After the war he settled in New Orleans. Returning t o Kentucky, he was elected, governor of that state in 1887, and in 1896 was vice-presidential nominee of the sound-• money Democrats. He

died January 8, 1914. Buck'wheat, a kind of grain, believed to be a native of Asia, called by the French Saracen wheat. It grows on poor soils and matures quickly, but is destroyed by the least frost. Its flowering season lasts for a long time, so that it is impossible for all the seeds to be^t the proper stage of development when it is reaped. The seeds furnish a white flour, from which gruel is made in Germany and in Poland, and breakfast cakes in America and in England. A dark, heavy bread is also made from it in France. The flowers are rich in honey, and so buckwheat is cultivated to feed bees. Another kind of buckwheat is called Siberian buckwheat, but it is of a poor quality.

Bud, a name allied in general to an undeveloped shoot in which the axis is not elongated and the leaves overlap one another. In general, buds may be distinguished as leaf buds, which continue the ordinary growth of the stem axis, and flower "buds. In the former case, the bud disappears by the elongation of the axis and the separation of the leaves. In the latter case it disappears by the opening of the flower.

Budapest (boofda-pest), the capital of Hungary, consisting of the now united cities of Buda and Pest, situated on both banks of the Danube. Within recent years the city has become one of the finest capitals of Europe, and its growth and enterprise resemble those of our western cities. The two parts are connected by a magnificent suspension bridge. Buda is built in the form of an amphitheater around a hill, which rises 485 feet above the sea and is crowned by a citadel and a royal palace. The Blocksburg promontory rises abruptly to a still greater height. On its top is a now useless citadel, and its sides are dotted with villas. Just out of Buda, in a little plain surrounded by high hills, are the well-known bitter-water springs, which have made the name of Hungary more famous, perhaps, than any other article of export. On the other side of the river, the ancient and inner part of Pest is surrounded by a series of boulevards; while others branch out from them in straight lines to the outer environs of the city. The finest street in Budapest, and one of the handsomest in Europe, is Andrassy Street, which is two miles long. It is divided into a central driveway, with sidewalks, narrower driveways next the sidewalks, and graveled riding courses between the central and outer driveways. It connects the inner city with a beautiful park of 1,000 acres. The Margaretta island, which lies in the Danube, at the upper end of the city, two miles long and a half mile wide, is also kept as a pleasure ground. The river is lined for three miles with stone quays, leading up to promenades, along which are rows of fine buildings, broken by open parks and adorned with statues of Hungarian heroes. The city government controls many institutions which in the United States are under private companies, such as theaters, opera houses, street railways, etc. The university and special schools, the national museum, the 250 periodicals and a dozen or more daily papers published in the city are among the literary advantages of the place. All the Hungarian railroads center in Budapest, and its trade by the Danube is extensive. Next to Minneapolis, on this continent, it is the great milling center of the world. Total population (1910), 880,371.

SIMON  B.   BUCKNER