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BOURINOT

253

BOWLING GREEN

Bourinot    (boo'ri-nd'),    John    George.

He held honorary degrees from several universities, was president of the Royal Society of Canada in 1892, and member of Council of American Historical Association and of the American Academy of Political Science. He is favorably known as the author of Parliamentary Procedure, of a Manual of the Constitutional History of Canada; of How Canada is Governed; History of Canada (in the Story of the Nations series); and Canada under British Rule, 1760-1900 (with maps). He was a contributor to leading reviews and journals such as The Quarterly Review, Johns Hopkins University Political Studies, Black-wood and the Magazine of American History. Born in 1837, his death occurred in 1902.

Bout'well, George Sewall, American financier and statesman, was born at Brook-line, Mass., Jan. 28, 1818. After studying law he. was for a number of years member of the Massachusetts state legislature, and in 1852—53 was governor of the state. He took part, later on, in the organization of the Republican party, and was a delegate to the Chicago convention that nominated Lincoln for the presidency. In 1862 he organized the internal revenue department of the United States, and was its first commissioner. During the years 1863-69 he represented his state in congress and was secretary of the treasury in Grant's cabinet. From 1873 to 1877 he was a member of the United States senate. He is the author of a number of works on educational topics and of a volume of speeches and papers, political and economical. He died Feb. 27, 1905.

Bowdoin (bo'd'n) College, an institution of learning, situated at Brunswick, Maine, of which Longfellow, Hawthorne, Chief-Justice Fuller and Speaker ^T. B. Reed were graduates. It received its charter in 1794, and was opened in 1802. Besides its art department, it has a medical school in affiliation with it, and is well equipped with library, gallery of paintings and chemical and philosophical apparatus. Its present president is Wm. DeWitt Hyde, D.D. The institution is undenominational.

Bowdoin, James (1727-1790), one of the early governors of Massachusetts, noted for his suppression of Shay's rebellion, and with his son (minister to Spain in 1804-08) as a benefactor of Bowdoin College.

Bowell, Hon. Sir MacKenzie, premier of Canada from Dec. 1894 to April, 1896, when he was succeeded by Sir Chas. Tupper. Born in England in 1823, he came to Canada when 9 years old, and became a printer's apprentice in 1834. Connected with the press for half a century, he was elected to the House of Commons in 1867 and remained a member continuously until 1892, when kg* was appointed to the Senate.

He became a member of the Abbott administration in 1892 and of the Thompson administration in 1893. As minister of trade and commerce he visited Australia in 1893 with the object of creating trade between Canada and Australia. He was chairman of the colonial conference in 1894.

Bowen (bo* en), Francis, an eminent American writer on political economy and moral philosophy, was born at Charlestpwn, Mass., Sept. 8, 1811, and died at Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 21, 1900. After graduating at Harvard in 1833, J^e subsequently held there the chair of political economy. From 1843 to 1854 he owned and edited the Norm American Review, and was one of its chief contributors. In 1853 ^ie became Alford professor of natural religion, moral philosophy and civil polity in Harvard University, His writings embrace Critical Essays on Speculative Philosophy; Moral Philosophy; Political Economy; Lives of James Otis and Baron Steuben, contributed to Sp arks's American Biography; together with Gleanings from a Literary Life.

Bowls and Bowling. Bowls is an outdoor game, largely played from an early period in Scotland, as well as in this country from colonial times on a flat and smootn piece of turf. Bowling is a kindred game, sometimes called skittles or ten-pins, played on a boarded alleyway (generally about 42 by 72 feet in extent). Lawn bowls is played on a piece of level turf, about 40 yards square, divided into numbered rinks, the players (2, 3 or 4 on either side) playing off a mat at the starting point, each with two lignum vitae bowls. The object played at is a distant smaller white porcelain ball —the game being to place the bowls as close to it as possible. The bowls (commonly 3 J Ibs. each in weight) are made weighted slightly on one side, so that the player may reach the jack with his bowl by a curved rather than by a straight course roll. Alley-way bowling is played with balls not over 27 inches in circumference, each weighing about 15 Ibs. These are played from one end of the court, with a preliminary run of 12 or 15 feet by the player, against a series of upright pins, ten in number and 15 inches in height, placed at the far end of the alley-way or court. The pins are set up in pyramidal form, 12 inches apart, the head pin being in the forefront of the series, so that when hit by a bowl the player has a chance of knocking down some and, if lucky, all of the pins. The game is usually an exciting as well as a healthful one, and matches frequently attract many onlookers. The American Bowling Congress has periodic national tournaments at which skillful placing may be seen. " Bowling Green, Ky., a city, the seat of Warren County, at the head of navigation on the Barren River and on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, about 95 miles south?