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BORE

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BORNEO

diseases of plants. It is applied as a dry powder by dusting or in liquid form by spraying (q. v.). Its advantage over other fungicides is its cheapness and its safety, as respects both operator and plant. Formula of the liquid form: water 50 gallons, quicklime three to six pounds, copper sulphate three to six pounds, depending on the plant treated. The dry mixture is made so that the copper sulphate will be the same chemical state as in the liquid; it is somewhat harder to prepare, but is lighter and often more convenient to apply. The chemical condition and therefore the efficiency of either form depend on the proper preparation. Consult Bulletin No. 60, Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station and Farmers Bulletin No. 38, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Borden, Robert Laird, became premier of Canada after the defeat of the Laurier ministry on the reciprocity issue in 1911. He was born in Grand Pre, Nova Scotia, June 26, 1854, and educated at Acadia Villa Academy, Horton. He studied law and was called to the bar in 1878. He soon rose to a high place in his profession. In 1896 he became a member of parliament and was elected leader of the conservative party in 1901.

Bore, also called Eagre, a peculiar tidal effect at the mouth of certain rivers. When a river's rnputh widens rapidly, and it is subject to high tides, the spring flood-tide drives an immense volume of water from the sea into the river. The water collects in the mouth faster than it can flow up into the river, and so there is gradually formed a kind of watery ridge stretching across and rushing up the opening with great violence and noise. It sometimes rises many feet. The most notable Old World bores are those of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Indus. In one branch of the Ganges the bore travels seventy miles in four hours, and often it appears suddenly as a wall seven feet high.

Boreas, the north wind, was one of the nature gods in the Greek myths. He was depicted as an old man, with hair and beard flaked with snow and having wings. The Athenians built him a temple for assisting to wreck the fleet of the Persian monarch Xerxes.

Borgia (bdr'jd), Csesar, whose father afterwards became Pope Alexander VI, was born in Italy in 1475, and at an early age entered upon a career of crime and ambition. A cardinal at 17 (A. D. 1492) and soon after captain-general of the church, he sought to push his way to power by the destruction of all who stood in his path. He planned a new kingdom of central Italy, and it required a league of all Italy and of the most powerful sovereigns of Europe to thwart his energy and ambition. The death of his father, who was

bis*ally, and Ms own capture by his enemies

Eut an end to his plans. He escaped and ed to the court of Navarre, but was soon after killed (1507)^ at the age of thirty-two.

Borgia, Lucretia, sister of Csesar Borgia, a beautiful and accomplished woman, was born at Rome in 1480. During the lives of her father and brother, she was several times married to further their plans, but in later life, as the duchess of Ferrara, she was celebrated for her piety and love of art and learning. She died in 1519.

Bor'neo one of the islands of the Malay Archipelago, and the largest island in the world, lies in the Indian Archipelago, south of the China Sea. Its length is about 800 miles, its breadth 700, and its area, British and Dutch, 244,000, nearly as large as Texas. The population is about 1,129,889.

Surface and Rivers. The island is mountainous, reaching its greatest height in Kini-Balu, which is about 9,500 feet above the level of the sea. Unlike the other islands of the Indian Archipelago, Borneo has no active volcanoes. It has an extensive river system and many lakes, swarming with crocodiles, and many of the rivers are navigable far inland for boats of considerable size. The climate of the lowlands is unhealthy for Europeans, but the highlands have a more moderate temperature.

Natural Resources. The forests produce many valuable woods, oils and gums; the mohor tree, used for making boats, reaching a height of eighty feet, and the kaladang, suited for large masts, growing 200 feet high. The forests abound in wild animals; among them are the orang-outang, rhinoceros and elephant; and various birds, as the swift, which constructs the edible nests prized by the Chinese for soup. Among the abundant mineral resources of Borneo are valuable diamond mines.

People and Products. The inhabitants are Malays, Dyaks, Negritos and Chinese. The chief Dutch settlements are Sambas, Pontiana, Banjarmassin and Koti. Vegetation is luxuriant. Spices, rice, millet, sweet potatoes, cotton, indigo, tobacco, etc., are among the island products.

Political Divisions. The country is divided into districts, ruled by sultans; but foreign powers have obtained control < of large portions. The largest portion of the island belongs to the Netherlands. British North Borneo, including Brunei, Sarawak and Labuan—all under British influence— has an area of nearly 42,000 square miles, with a coast-line of over 900 miles.

The Dutch have the control, directly or indirectly, of by far the larger part of the island, and have divided the southern part into the residency of the western division,