Page:LA2-NSRW-1-0290.jpg



BONAPARTE

241

BOND

Europe in 1832, and died at Florence in 1:844. He was the only one of the Bonaparte brothers for whom Napoleon professed to care anything, though he was too humane in his ideas of government for his imperious brother.

Bonaparte, Louis (1778-1846), one time King of Holland, father of Napoleon III and brother of Napoleon I, his other brothers being Lucien, Joseph and Jerome. All were sons, together with four daughters, of Charles or Carlo Bonaparte of Corsica and his wife Letitia, the latter a,patrician lady of strong-minded and accomplished characteristics. Born at Ajaccio, he was educated at the artillery school at Chalons, and early entering the French army he took part in his famous brother's successes over the Austrians at Arcola and Rivoli, in 1796-97. Under pressure from Napoleon I he married in 1802 Hortense de Beauharnais, but in consequence of incompatibility they separated five years later; while Prince Louis became King of Holland in 1806, though declining to sacrifice Dutch interests to his brother's imperial designs, and he abdicated in 181 o and retired to Italy. Meanwhile, Holland was annexed to France, but remained French for only three years, when the latter were expelled and the House of Orange was restored. Louis's separated wife, Hortense, was a rather notable authoress in her day, as well as a song writer, being the author of the one-time French national air, Partant pour Ics Syrie. Her third and putative son was Napoleon III; she died in 1837. Louis Bonaparte is also known as a writer of some note, among his works being a History (in French) of the English Parliament and a collection of Documents on the Government of Holland. In later years he became an invalid, and after the escape of his son, Louis Napoleon, from Ham, he removed to Leghorn, Tuscany, where he died.

Bonaparte, Lucien, Prince of Canino, and brother of Napoleon, was born at Ajaccio in 1775. He was well educated and filled a number of important offices. He was president of the Council of Five Hundred when Napoleon entered Paris, and by his energy greatly distinguished himself. As minister of the interior, he encouraged education, art and science, and as ambassador to Madrid he performed valuable services. He was a republican in belief, and opposed the absolute rule of his brother and refused the thrones of Italy and of Spain. The pope made him prince of Canino and Musignano In 1810 he sailed for America, but was captured by the British. He alone showed presence of mind after the defeat of Waterloo. In later life he resided near Rome, and died at Viterbo in 1840. He had a good deal of talent, and was fond of science and the arts.

Bonaparte, Napoleon. See NAPOLEON I and NAPOLEON III.

Bond, an obligation, is a written instrument, signed and sealed, in which one party to the negotiation—the borrower, styled the obliger—agrees to pay money to another, the obligee, generally on certain precisely defined and set forth conditions, and at a definite period. The amount of the liability to be jncurred upon a breach of the conditions in the bond is usually set forth in the instrument, and in the case of default or failure to fulfill the terms and conditions of the instrument, the bond is said to be forfeit, and suit can be instituted for re-c©very, and that commonly with penalty, or claim for damages added. A bond, in other words, sets forth (i) an engagement to pay money in return for certain privileges granted or payments made, and (2) the conditions on which the engagement to pay back will become good and operative, or, otherwise, void and inoperative. When the bond is given for the performance of an act, recovery can be sued for in court for non-performance of the act, plus an amount in the way of damages to the obligee for what loss or losses he may have sustained in consequence of such non-performance. _ A bond may be made either by or to a single individual or by certain parties jointly to other interested parties, jointly and severally stated. In some cases, moreover, with the bond is handed over to the obligee some security, or it may be a mortgage, upon the property and effects of the debtor or obligor. Bonds can be made and are often issued by corporations, which in the interests of their trusts or concerns have to borrow money to exploit and advance them; and in default of meeting and satisfying these bonds at maturity the corporations can be proceeded against, sued and recovered from, as such in the courts. Governments, national and state, as well as cities and towns, are often at times under the necessity to issue bonds as negotiable security for considerations named or money loaned them; similarly, when in default, such can be sued and recovered from, just as in the case of private individuals or corporations. The bonds of single individuals, as well as bonds jointly made, commonly bind their maker's heirs, executors and administrators, in the instruments conveyed, and in the last resort these latter can be proceeded against as in the case of the primary and single defaulter.

Bond, Sir Robert. The Right Honorable Sir Robert Bond, P. C., K. C. M. G., LL.D., has been Premier and Colonial Secretary of the Colony of Newfoundland since 1900. He entered the Legislature in 1882, and was elected Speaker of the House of Assembly in Newfoundland in 1884, and became Colonial Secretary with a seat in the cabinet in 1889. He was authorized by the Home Government to assist Lord Paunct*-