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BAXTER

home affairs. The army is modeled after the Prussian system, and is under the command of the king of Bavaria in time of peace, but under the German emperor during war. The peace strength of the Bavarian army is 67,000 men. The Bavarians are the descendants of the ancient Boii, who were under the power of the Romans, and afterward formed a part of the empire of Charlemagne. The country was given to the Count of Wittelsbach in 1180, and has been under that house ever since. On the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, in 1870, Bavaria joined Prussia against France, and soon after became part of the new German empire. The history of Bavaria is of great interest. Prince Luit-pold is at present regent under a council of state, for his nephew, King Otto, who is insane.

Baxter, Richard, a distinguished English preacher, was born in 1615. He had great influence as a chaplain in the Puritan army in the Civil War, which began in 1642, using all his eloquence to soften the stern political and religious views of the soldiers. Mis best known work is The Saint's Everlasting Rest. Other works are Now or Never, Call to the Unconverted and The Reformed Pastor. He died at London in 1691.

Bayard (bi'erd), James Asheton, American statesman, was born at Philadelphia in 1767, and died at Wilmington, Del., in 1815. In 1796 he was elected to congress as a Federalist, and became noted as an orator, constitutional lawyer and leader of the house. In 1801 he was offered, but declined, the minister ship to France. In 1804 he was elected senator from Delaware, and sat in the chamber until 1813, when he was chosen by President Madison, along with Albert Gallatin, to conclude peace with Great Britain, by the Treaty of Ghent. His son, of the same name, and father of Thomas Francis Bayard, born at Wilmington in 1799 and dying there June 13, 1880, was Democratic senator from Delaware during the years 1851-64 and 1867-69.

Bay'ard (ba'erd) Pierre Du Terrail, Chevalier De, a famous French knight, was born near Grenoble in 1476. He served under Charles VIII in an expedition against Naples, and in the wars against the English and Spaniards he distinguished himself by his bravery and nobleness of character. In the reign of Francis I he gained a great victory for the king at Marignano, and defended the city of Me"zieres against Charles V, for which he was called the Savior of his Country. He was killed in a battle at the river Sesia, Italy, in 1524. He was so highly thought of for his virtues that his deatn was mourned by his enemies as well as by his friends. He is known as "the knight without fear and without reproach."

THOMAS FRANCIS BAYARD

Bayard, Thomas Francis, American statesman and secretary of state (i 885-89) f was born at Wilmington, Del, Oct. 29 1828, and died Sept. 28, 1898. His early manhood was spent in the practice of the law. In 1869 he succeeded his father as senator from Delaware, when he served contin-uously until 1885; then he entered Mr. Cleveland's cabinet as secretary of state. In 1880 and 1884 he was unsuccessful in obtaining the nomination, on the Democratic ticket, for the presidency. In 1893 he was appointed ambassador to England, the first to hold that rank as a representative of the United States.

Bay City, county seat of Bay County, Mich., noted for its beautiful streets and fine public buildings, is situated on Saginaw River, three miles from Saginaw Bay. The population, including West Bay City and Essexville (an important suburb), is (1910) 415,166. It was first platted as the village of Portsmouth in 1836 and twenty years later as Lower Saginaw. Lumber and salt were formerly its main productions. Planing mills and lumber yards are still in evidence, with wooden-ware works and box-factories coming to the front, while beet-sugar factories and coal mines now add to its prosperity. Lake transportation companies center here, and its shipyards should not fail to be mentioned. Large chemical works, industrial works for building heavy railroad wrecking cranes, bicycle works, foundries, etc. furnish employment to many. Bay City is a railroad center and a distributing point for a large section of country. It has 18 public schools, 205 teachers and an enrollment of 7,000; also a business college, a private kindergarten and seven parochial schools with an enrollment of 3,500.

Bay=de=Verde, an electoral district of Newfoundland. Population about 10,000; chiefly Methodists and Roman Catholics; occupations, fishermen and those engaged in the catching and curing of fish; chief towns; Bay-de-Verde, Cower, Island Cove, Grate's Cove, Old Perlican and Freshwater.

Bayeux (bd'ye) Cathedral, in the city of Bayeux, is said to be the oldest cathedral in Normandy. It was rebuilt by William the Conqueror, after a fire in 1077, ^^ most of the present building dates from 1106 to the 13th century. On the west front are two steeples built in the i2th century and