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BARTON

In 1777, and came to Paris while still a young man. His chief patron was Napoleon, who Sent him, in 1808, to Carrara to establish a school of sculpture. After the battle of Waterloo, he went to Florence, where he died in 1850. Besides a great number of busts, he produced several groups, of which Charity and Hercules and Lycus are the most celebrated.

Barton, Clara, philanthropist, and president of the American National Red Cross society (1881-1904) was born at Oxford, Mass., in 1830. In 1854 she entered the United States Patent office at Washington as a clerk; but at the outbreak of the Civil War she devoted herself to the humane care of the soldiers on the battlefield, and, in 1864, had charge of the army hospitals on the James River. Congress voted her $15,000 for her relief work on the field, for organizing the search for wounded and missing men, and, in the case of the dead in Andersonville cemetery, Georgia, for marking the graves of the Union soldiers. During the Franco-German War, she assisted the Duchess of Baden in establishing and organizing hospital relief, a hu-mane work which won her the honor of decoration with the iron cross of Germany. In 1881 she became president of the American Red Cross society, and represented the United States at the Geneva conference. In connection with Red Cross operations, she did relief work during the famine in Russia in 1892; during the Armenian massacres, in 1896; and during the Spanish-American War, in Cuba, where she also did personal work in the field. Miss Barton was author of a History of the Red Cross, which was issued by the United States government; and of The Red Cross in Peace and War. She died in Washington, April 12, 1912.

'''Barton, Rt. Hon. Edmund''', P. C., first premier of the commonwealth of Australia, was born at Sydney, New South Wales, Jan. 18, 1849, and educated at the University of Sydney. In 1879 he was elected to the legislative assembly of the colony, becoming attorney-general and member of the legislative council and taking a foremost part in the movement for Australian federation. In the new federal ministry he was made prime minister, with the portfolio of external affairs.

Bar'ye, the unit of pressure used by scientific men. The numerical value of the barye

CLARA   BARTON

is that of a pressure which exerts a force of one dyne upon an area of one square centimeter. This unit was adopted by the International Congress of Physicists at Paris in 1900. The mega-barye is a pressure of one million dynes per square centimeter. This is very exactly equivalent to the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 75 cm. high under standard conditions of gravity and temperature.

Barye' (bd'ref) Antoine Louis, a French sculptor, distinguished mainly for his bronze statues of animals and animal groups, was born at Paris in 1795 He was at first an engraver and metal-worker. His famous bronze of a lion struggling with a snake, secured for him the cross of the Legion oi Honor. He died at Paris in 1875.

Basalt, a dark, greyish-black stone of volcanic origin, a variety of up-rock, and often occurring in the form of columns, as in the columnar structures seen at Fingal's Cave, Staffa, in the Scottish Hebrides, and at the Giant's Causeway, Antrim, Ireland. From a number of still active volcanoes, such as those in Iceland and in the Hawaiian Islands, and in the case also of Etna and Vesuvius, basalt is ejected in lava-flows in a molten state, the chief1 constituent of the outflow being augite (pyroxene), hornblende and felspar, the latter consisting chiefly of silicate of alumina, generally hard and brittle and sometimes glassy.

Bascom, John, American educator, and for many years president of the University of Wisconsin, was born at Genoa, N. Y., May i, 1827. Graduating in 1849 fr°*n Williams College and six years later from Andover Theological Seminary, he was for twenty years professor of rhetoric at Williams, ana for thirteen years president of Wisconsin University. He is now professor of political science at his alma mater, and is the author of the following works: Political Economy (1859); Msthetics (1862); Philosophy of Rhetoric (1865); Principles of Psychology (1869); Philosophy of Religion (1876); Comparative Psychology (1878); an Historical Interpretation of Philosophy (1893), together with works on ethics, sociology, etc. His later works embrace The Growth of Nationality in the United States (1899) and God and His Goodness (1901).

Baseball, the national game of America, is a development from the old English game of rounders. The first club in America was the Knickerbocker, founded in New York in 1845. The game gradually grew in favor until in 1871 it had become so popular that a professional organization was formed consisting of clubs in many of the large cities. The success of this first organization has resulted in the formation of leagues including clubs in almost every city of the United States. Some of the larger cities have clubs in more than one league. Stock companies are organized to maintain these