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BARRY

the Haskell endowment of the University of Chicago. On his return he became lecturer at the latter on Comparative Religions, and was also lecturer at Union Theological Seminary, New York. He is the author of a History of the Parliament of Religions; a Life of Henry Ward Beecher; Christianity, the World Religion; and The World Pilgrimage. Died June 3, 1902. His daughter has since published a biography of him.

Barry, John (1745-1803), an officer of the United States Navy, the first senior officer of the service to have the rank of commodore conferred upon him after the reorganization of the American Navy in 1794. Born in Wexford County, Ireland, he early began to follow the sea as a profession, first as master of a trading ship and subsequently, after coming to America and settling in Philadelphia, as an officer of the United States Navy. In the Revolutionary War he was given command of the Lexington, in which he made some captures of English vessels; while after being transferred to the command of the frigate Effingham he captured an English war schooner in the Delaware River, and in the winter of 1776-77 he assisted at the battle of Trenton. In 1787 he commanded the Raleigh, which was pursued by the British and driven ashore; he later on commanded the Alliance and in a sharp engagement he captured the Atlanta and the Trepassy and gained well-earned promotion.

Barry, William Farquhar, an American major-general and artillery officer, was born in New York city in 1818, and died near Baltimore, Md., July 18, 1879. After service in the Indian War in Florida, in the Mexican War and on the western frontier, he became chief of artillery of the Army of the Potomac in the Civil War. In 1864 he gained promotion for gallantry at the fall of Atlanta and also for distinguished service in the campaign against General J. E. Johnston. Later on he was given command of the artillery in the armies under General Sherman, and had charge of the defenses of Washington. He for a time also was in command of the artillery school at Fortress Monroe. He was one of the authors of the Engineer and Artillery Operations of the Army of the Potomac and of A System of Tactics for the Field Artillery of the United States.

Barth (bdrt), Heinrich, a distinguished German traveler, was born at Hamburg in 1821. After visiting Italy and Sicily, he crossed the Mediterranean in 1845 to Tangier in Africa, and made short trips into the interior, to Tunis, Tripoli and Benghazi and then down the Nile. Soon after he extended his travels into Egypt, Palestine, Asia Minor and Greece. He published an account of his travels, called Wanderings Along the Shores of the Mediterranean. In 1849, with Dr. Overweg§ lie proceeded on an exploring journey through Central Africa,, H@ was gone nearly six years, traveling about 12,000 miles. He published his Travels and Discoveries in Central Africa and a work on the Vocabularies of Central Africa. After other journeys in Greece, Turkey and Asia Minor, he died at Berlin, Nov. 25, 1865.

Bartholdi (bar'tol'de'), Frederic Auguste, a sculptor, was born in Alsace in 1834. He has made a number of famous statues. Among them are the Lafayette statue in New York; Vercingetorix, the leader of the Gauls, which is now in the galleries of the French government; The Lion of Belfort and Grief. It occurred to him in 1874 that it would be a fitting thing for France to present to America a statue in honor of American independence. The result of this idea is the gigantic bronze statue of Liberty Enlightening the World, which was finished in 1884, and, after two years spent in getting it into position, was unveiled on Bedloe's Island in New York harbor. Bartholdi received the cross of the Legion of Honor in 1887. He died Oct. 4, 1904.

Bartholomew Fair, held at West Smithfield, London from 1133 to 1855, its charter having been granted by Henry I to a monk. It was held yearly at the Festival of Bartholomew. In the beginning it was one of the great yearly markets of the nation, more cloth being sold there than anywhere else in the kingdom. All sorts of amusements were used to attract people to it; all kinds of shows, acrobats, stilt-walkers, mummers and merry-andrews were to be found there in great numbers. After 1685 the famous fair began to lose its trade, and came to an end in 1855.

Bartholomew, Massacre of St., the name given to the massacre of the Huguenots in Paris on the night of St. Bartholomew's Day, Aug. 24, 1572. During the youth of Charles IX his mother, Catherine de Medici, acted as regent and showed an extraordinary cruelty. Pretending friendship to the Huguenots, she married her daughter Margaret to Prince Henry of Navarre, afterward Henry IV, the head of the Huguenot party, and appointed Admiral Coligni, another leader of the Huguenots, to a high office in the kingdom. Having induced all the chief members of the party to come to Paris, she secretly appointed St. Bartholomew's Day as the day for their massacre. Admiral Coligni was murdered in the palace, and the bell of the palace was rung as a signal to the citizens to begin the slaughter. Notices were sent through all the French provinces to kill all the Huguenots, and for days the bloody work went on; 30,000 people are said to have been killed. The massacre, however, did not accomplish its object, for the king was obliged soon to grant liberty of conscience to his Huguenot subjects.

Bartolini (bar'to-le'ne), Lorenzo, a celebrated Italian sculptor, was born in Tuscany