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16 use a mild term. Only one opponent named above has had the courage of convictions to admit his errors and that was the strongest opponent of Marxism in Europe, the father of Revisionism—Eduard Bernstein. Bernstein has openly admitted himself mistaken in his deductions on capitalist development; since the outbreak of the war he has repudiated Revisionism and Revisionists, and is today the chief collaborator of Karl Kautsky, the foremost exponent of Marxism in the world. At a whole the bourgeois economists, in their attempt to refute Marx's theory of value and surplus value and the logical deductions flowing therefrom, or in their futile efforts to disprove the Materialist Conception of History have failed, yes, miserably failed.

And how many experiments, "practical" experiments along the lines of sugar-coated reforms, social uplift work and philanthropic saps have not been launched, in order to exterminate by practical demonstration the class hatred (understand class-consciousness) inherent in the Marxian conception of society, and so grandly symbolized by the fighting proletariat conscious of its aim. Have these efforts accomplished their task?; have the class cleavages been bridged over, or the antagonism abolished?; is the identity between Capital and Labor today a reality?; and finally, has the class struggle, this diabolical invention of satan, been substituted by social harmony? Has the spectre of Communism ceased to haunt Europe since the issuing of the Communist Manifesto? When we look upon society today, and compare the gigantic accumulations of wealth in the hands of an ever decreasing number of capitalists on the one hand with the, relatively speaking, dependency and misery of an ever growing proletariat on the other; when we compare the colossal struggles between the robbers and the exploited of today with the comparatively pygmean struggles of the past; and when we compare the social relations between the feudal-capitalist and the enslaved worker of our present oligarchic-capitalism with the relations between capitalist and worker of even fifty years ago, then every unbiased student will admit that the class demarcations are sharper drawn,