Page:Kalhana's Rajatarangini Vol 1.djvu/41

 Sec. ii.] KALHAYA‘S LITERARY TRAINING. 18 Finally it is noted of him that he knew no limit in his enthusiastic devotion to the study of stories and legends of many kinds. :

From Jonaraja, the commentator of the Srikanthacarita, we learn that the otherwise unknown Alakadatta whom Mankha evidently wishes to mention ox Kalyana’s patron, held tho position of Sirndhivigrahaka or minister of foreign affairs, He further correctly indicates that by the kathds, in the study of which Kalyana is said to have been so deeply interested, the stories of the Mahabharata and other epic texts are meant. Bat of Kalyana’s person himeelf the learned commentator has nothing to tell us.

9. I think, we can easily and conclusively show that this poet Kalyine, Maikhe's distinguished contemporary, who emulated Bilhane and who was deeply read in epic lore, is no oue else but our Kalhana. The name Kalhana is undoubtedly an Apabbrariéa form derived throngh Prakrit Kalléna from Skr. Kalyéna, which being a word of ausp x (‘happy,’ ‘ blessed’), is often found as a proper name, The consonantal group 2y becomes by a regular phonetic Jaw IJ in Prakrit, and this again is Hable to appear as lh in Apabhrarnsa and the modern Indo-Aryan Vernaculars. Thus Skr. kalyam, ‘to-morrow,’ which is found as kallu in Prakrit, reappears in forms like kalh, kalh, kalha, kalha in the several modern Vernaculars” The shortening of @ into a in the second syllable is similarly accounted for by well-known facts of phonetic conversion.

In proof of this derivation of Kalhana < Kalyana we may point to the inter- mediary Prakrit form Kallana which actually occurs as the name of a person in the Rajatarangini.'° By its side we meet in the Chronicle once with the name in its Apabhrarhsa form Kalhana, and more frequently with the Skr. form of the name, Kalyéna. We can trace the same name as a feminine appellation in an exactly corresponding triplet of for: To the Skr. Kalyénadevt, ‘Queen Kalyana,’ the name borne by one of Jayapida’s queens, correspond the names Kallané end Kalhanika (from Skr. *Kalyanika), borve by royal ladies at the court of Kalasa and Jayasithha, respectively.*!

We shall have occasion to note below how often Kalhana himeelf in his Chronicle introduces to us the identical persons under names which show similar phonetic modifications” We can hence feel in no way surprised on observing that Mankha has recorded his fellow-poet’s name in its correct Sanskrit form while the colophons of Kalhana’s own work present it in the corresponding Apabhrarhéa

7 Com Dr. Geigason’s Phonology, Pr. Kallanu becomes Ap. Kélhaya. Cor ZD.M.G, 1. p. 82, § 97. pani 3 Ska. kay Dr.Grierson, towhose kindness Towethis and a

the other references on the phonetic question involved, mentions as further examples of the change, Skr. ly > Pr. U! > Apebh. Js, Skr. poryonyat > Pr. palletfat or palhattha’; comp.

femacandra, iv. 200; Skr. cilla, ‘kite’ > Pr.

® For Kalhono, s Rsjaputre, son of Sahs- deva, soe vii 996! for poreons talled

cillu > Bihari cil orails. The frequent change of Pr. un into mh (him for énnim, etc.), Vararuci, iv. 33, offers an exact.

8 “When a word begins with two long syllables, the second of which has the stress- accent, the seco1 sccent on the first syllable often attracts the first accent to it- self, and the syllable which would ordinarily bear the stress-socent, is shortened;” Grrez- 50x, Phonology, § 11. Thus Skr. Kalydna,

iv. 679; vili. 609 (abbreviated from Kalydna-

2605. :

winnie iv. 461, 462, etc.; vii. 208; viii.

The name Kalka, borne by the lord of Kelinjara who is often mentioned in Books

7 ri

representative of Skr. Kalya (‘ vigorous

3 See below, § 40, for a 8 Tie Ger guoandra > Goggavenra Losthaka> Lothaka,

Name Kalhana an Ap. derivative from Kalyana.