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 out) approach, was not included in any of the Korean Air simulator training scenarios for either the basic or advanced instrument courses.

1.17.2.2 Boeing 747 Flight Crew Training

Korean Air's Boeing 747 flight crew training includes initial and transition training, which are presented in five units: ground school, cockpit procedures training, simulator flight training, airplane local training (as required), and route training. The captain and the flight engineer on the accident flight were trained according to the 747 transition training syllabus, and the first officer was trained according to the initial training syllabus.

At the time of the accident, the 747 initial and transition ground school training included instruction on general aircraft systems, normal procedures, abnormal and emergency procedures, weight and balance, performance, limitations, differences, Category II instrument approaches, a review period, and a test. The initial ground school training syllabus allocated 177 hours of instruction for both pilots and flight engineers and required about 28 hours of cockpit procedures training. The transition ground school syllabus allocated about 153 hours of instruction for captains and first officers with type ratings on other airplanes and about 157 hours for flight engineers with qualifications on other airplanes. Pilots and flight engineers were required to complete about 24 hours of cockpit procedures training.

Flight training for the initial and transition courses included 40 hours of simulator time (10 4-hour training periods in which each pilot performed as a PF and a PNF for 2 hours) and a 2-hour proficiency check period. At the time of the accident, the Korean Air simulator training syllabus for 747-100, -200, and -300 initial and transition training consisted of 10 profiles that described the events to be accomplished during each training period. Each profile listed the approaches to be performed, including the specific airport, runway, weather, and airplane malfunction, and information on whether the approach would be made to a landing or the reason for a missed approach or go-around. The 10 training profiles consisted of the following approach scenarios: ? ? ? ? 23 ILS approaches to runway 14 at Kimpo Airport; 5 VOR and VOR/DME approaches to runway 32 at Kimpo Airport; 2 NDB approaches, one to a runway at Cheju Airport and one to a runway at another airport; and 1 localizer (LOC) approach to runway 14 at Kimpo Airport.

After accomplishing the 10 simulator training profiles, pilots were given a proficiency check using the scenarios contained in the 11th simulator profile. Korean Air