Page:KAL801Finalreport.pdf/224

 *Implement procedures that require immediate clarification or verification of transmissions from flight crews that indicate a possible emergency situation.
 * Implement procedures for ATC handling of aircraft in emergency situations to minimize flight crew distraction.
 * Implement, in cooperation with airport authorities and rescue services, unambiguous emergency procedures and common phraseology to eliminate confusion. *Develop, jointly with airport authorities and local rescue services, emergency training programs that are conducted on a regular basis.

Flight crew recommendations:
 * Verify understanding of each ATC communication and request clarification when necessary.
 * Report accurately, using standard ICAO phraseology, the status of abnormal situations and the need for emergency assistance.

Conclusion 3: Unstabilized and rushed approaches contribute to ALAs.

Recommendations:
 * Operators should define the parameters of a stabilized approach in their flight operations manuals, including at least the following: intended flightpath, speed, power setting, attitude, sink rate, configuration, and crew readiness.
 * Company policy should state that a go-around is required if the aircraft becomes destabilized during the approach.
 * The implementation of certified constant angle, stabilized approach procedures for nonprecision approaches should be expedited globally.
 * Flight crews should be trained on the proper use of constant angle, stabilized approach procedures. Flight crews should also be educated on approach design criteria and obstacle clearance requirements.


 * Flight crews should "take time to make time" when the cockpit situation becomes confusing or ambiguous, which means climbing, holding, requesting vectors for delaying purposes, or performing a missed approach early.

Conclusion 4: Failure to recognize the need for and to execute a missed approach, when appropriate, is a major cause of ALAs.

Recommendations:
 * Company policy should specify well-defined go-around gates for approach and landing operations. Parameters should include visibility minima required before proceeding past the final approach fix or the outer marker, assessment at the final approach fix or the outer marker of crew and aircraft readiness for the approach, and minimum altitude at which the aircraft must be stabilized.


 * Companies should declare and support no-fault go-around and missed approach policies.