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 made no reference to the structure of IOE, PNF experience in monitoring and challenging errors during IOE and LOFT, or experience for captains in giving and receiving challenges of errors.

On June 16, 1995, the FAA stated that, on April 21, 1995, it had issued a final rule to amend the pilot qualification requirements for air carrier and commercial operators. According to the FAA, the final rule requires that second-in-command pilots obtain operating experience while performing the duties of a second-in-command under the supervision of a qualified pilot check airman. Additionally, the FAA stated that it was revising AC 120-51B to provide emphasis on the role of the PNF in monitoring and challenging errors and for captains to gain experience in giving and receiving challenges of errors. The FAA indicated that the revisions to the AC would emphasize the training of check airmen so that they would be prepared to enhance the monitoring and challenging functions of captains and first officers.

On August 29, 1995, the Safety Board stated that it was pleased that the FAA had issued a final rule that required air carriers to provide newly qualified second-in-command pilots with IOE while actually performing the duties of, rather than while observing, a second-in-command pilot. The Board was also pleased that the FAA was revising AC-120-51B. The Board believed that check airmen who receive training in enhancing the monitoring and challenging functions of captains and first officers would be able to provide more effective operating experience for newly qualified pilots if air carrier IOE programs ensured that pilots receive sufficient experience performing PNF functions while under check airman supervision.

On November 17, 1995, the FAA informed the Safety Board that it had revised AC-120B. On January 16, 1996, the Safety Board stated that the revised AC's reference to training for check airmen in methods that could be used to enhance the monitoring and challenging function of captains and first officers was responsive to Safety Recommendation A-94-4 because the check airmen would apply their CRM skills during IOE for new captains and first officers. Because the FAA's revisions to AC 120-51B satisfied the intent of Safety Recommendation A-94-4, it was classified "ClosedAcceptable Alternate Action."

1.18.5.3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Flight Crew Decision-making Study

Researchers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Ames Research Center conducted a study that examined the Safety Board's findings in its 1994 safety study (see section 1.18.5.1). The purpose of the NASA study was to analyze the accident data to identify any contributing factors such as "ambiguous dynamic conditions and organizational and socially-induced goal conflicts."