Page:Judson Burmese Grammar.djvu/46

44 ADVERBS.

. Adverbs are of nine kinds, viz:—

1. Adverbs proper, as ဧကန်, certainly, အလ&#8203;ကား, in vain, လား&#8203;လား, an intensive before a negative, as လား&#8203;လား&#8203;မ&#8203;ပြော, he says nothing at all, ခပ်, rather, prefixed to adjectives, formed from verbal roots by reduplication.

2. Pronominal adjectives used to modify a following verb, as အဘယ်&#8203;သို့&#8203;နေ&#8203;သ&#8203;နည်း, how does (he) remain? ထို&#8203;သို့&#8203;နေ&#8203;သည်, (he) remains thus; or combined with a secondary noun and similarly applied, as ဘယ်&#8203;လောက်&#8203;ကြီး&#8203;သ&#8203;နည်း, how large is (it)? သည်&#8203;က&#8203;လောက်, properly သည်&#8203;ခန့်&#8203;လောက်&#8203;ကြီး&#8203;သည်, (it) is so large. ''How? in what manner? and thus, in this manner, are also expressed by combining pronominals, lightly accented with နှယ်, manner, as ဘဲ့&#8203;နှယ်, how? သည့်&#8203;နှယ်, thus''.

3. Adverbs formed from simple or compound verbs:—

(a.) from simple verbs—by prefixing အ or တ, as အလွှန်&#8203;ကြီး&#8203;သည်, to be very great, အလျှင်&#8203;သွား, go quick; တစောင်း&#8203;ကြည့်&#8203;သည်, to look sideways;—by affixing စွာ, as ကောင်း&#8203;စွာ, well;—by reduplication, as ကောင်း&#8203;ကောင်း, well;—by reduplication with အ prefixed, as အပြား&#8203;ပြား, variously;—by reduplication with တ prefixed, implying repetition or continuance, as တလဲ&#8203;လဲ, by turns, တမတ်&#8203;မတ် in a standing posture; by reduplication, with အ prefixed to each member, as အသီး&#8203;အသီး, separately;—

(b.) from compound verbs—by affixing စွာ, as ကောင်း&#8203;မြတ်&#8203;စွာ, excellently;—by prefixing အ to each member, as အကွပ်&#8203;အ&#8203;ညပ်, penally, by way of punishment;—by prefixing အ to the first member, and တ to the latter, as အဆော&#8203;တ&#8203;လျင်, quickly, အငြတ်&#8203;တ&#8203;နိုး, affectionately;—by prefixing အ or တ to the first, and reduplicating the latter, as အလျင်&#8203;မြန်&#8203;မြန်, fast, တစိုး&#8203;ရိမ်&#8203;ရိမ်, anxiously;—by prefixing အ to the first, and တ to the latter reduplicated, as အမွှေး&#8203;တ&#8203;ကြိုင်&#8203;ကြိုင် fragrantly;—by reduplicating