Page:Judson Burmese Grammar.djvu/21

Rh . The ablative affix မှ signifies from, out of, separate from, besides, as တော&#8203;မှ&#8203;လာ&#8203;သည်, to come from the wood; ထို&#8203;မှ&#8203;တပါး, besides that, one thing more); ထို&#8203;နေ့&#8203;မှ&#8203;စ&#8203;၍, beginning from that day, that is, from that day forth, င&#8203;အိမ်&#8203;မှ&#8203;စ&#8203;၍&#8203;င&#8203;ဥစ္စာ&#8203;ရှိ&#8203;သ&#8203;မျှ, all my property, beginning with my house.

. က is an ablative affix of the same import with မှ, but has frequently the additional power of a nominative affix, particularly to verbs of speaking or communicating in any way, when the speech or matter communicated comes between the nominative and the verb; as ဘု&#8203;ရား&#8203;သ&#8203;ခင်&#8203;က&#8203;အ&#8203;လင်း&#8203;ဖြစ်&#8203;စေ&#8203;ဟု&#8203;မိန့်&#8203;တော်&#8203;မူ&#8203;၏။ God said, let there be light.

. Certain verbal affixes, as တုံ, လေ, ပေ, ပါ, and ပေါ့, when affixed to nouns, are merely expletive.

. The vocative is expressed by the noun in a simple state divested of all affixes. Sometimes in grave discourse, it is indicated by အို prefixed, as အို&#8203;ဆ&#8203;ရာ, O teacher.

SECONDARY NOUNS. . Some relations of nouns are expressed by means of secondary nouns which take some of the preceding affixes, and are connected with the principal nouns by ၏ (dropping the formative အ) the sign of the possessive, expressed or understood, as in the following examples:—


 * အောက်, an under part; အိမ်အောက်မှာ, under the house.
 * ရှေ့, a fore part; အိမ်ရှေ့မှာ, before the house.
 * နောက်, a hind part; အိမ်နောက်မှာ, behind the house.