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 obtain information as to the language, traditions, etc., of the Kalangs, but they seemed to have forgotten most of the language, and but little information could be obtained, though what was obtained was of considerable interest. They affirmed that they were Orang Daik (Malay) from Lingga, and stated that there were at least eight tribes who used to visit this district, and were mostly pirates. They were the


 * Orang Tambus
 * Orang Mantang
 * Orang Galang
 * Orang Pusek (or Persik)
 * Orang Sekanak
 * Orang Barok
 * Orang Moro
 * Orang Sugi

The first two always lived in boats, baring no fixed habitations, and were not piratical. The rest were all bad pirates, who lived on various islands and travelled as far as Siam and Cochin China on piratical expeditions. In the time of Sultan Mahmud, Raja Lang was the chief of the Galangs, and Orang Kaya Mepar (Che Muntel) was chief of the Baroks, and his grand- son is now head. They have a village at Singkep, or as one of the men said, on Lingga. The Persiks now live at Pulau Persik between Retik and Daik. They had a Batin as chief, but no Jen- ang. The Orang Tambus now live in a village in Silat Durian, among the Riau islands. They had a Batin only. The Orang Mantang lived on Pulau Mantang and were very numerous. They had a Batin. The Orang Galang lived mostly in Pulau Karas, in the Riau Archipelago, and had a Batin only. The Orang Sekanak lived on an island between Pulau Retik and Pulau Daik. The Orang Sugi live near Sulit, in Riau, and had a Batin. The Orang Moro lived in Pulau Moro, near Pulau Sugi; but they were also said to belong to the Orang Daik. It should be noted that among the Sakai tribes of the Peninsula, the Batin is usually if not invariably considered as the superior of the Jenang. Here however at Kampong Roko it was stated quite positively that the Jenang was the higher official.

The following non-Malay words were obtained from these men:


 * Koyok, a dog. Used by all the above mentioned tribes.
 * Kiyan, come, come here (lit. thither) cf. Belandas tribe Chan.
 * Kiyun, go away (lit. hither) cf. Belandas Chun.