Page:John Nolen--New ideals in the planning of cities.djvu/68

NEW IDEALS IN THE PLANNING OF crown reserving the ownership of the bed. In practice, however, all the more important rivers are entirely open to the public.

The most obvious division of the waterways is into wide and narrow. The former comprise the large lakes, the ocean with its wide straits, large bays and other frontages, broad rivers, and in general all those waters on the borders of which vessels can be moored adjacent to proper structures erected at right angles to the shore line, and where there is sufficient space for vessels to turn when entering or leaving their berths without blocking other shipping. Narrow waterways consist of canals, canalized rivers, and some narrow branches of the ocean.

The pier and slip type of construction is normally found upon wide waterways, while the bulkhead type must necessarily be employed upon narrow ones. With a narrow waterway, because of the size of modern craft, it is usually