Page:John Nolen--New ideals in the planning of cities.djvu/60

NEW IDEALS IN THE PLANNING OF ways: (1) by a proper location of main depots well related to both rail and water lines; (2) by a convenient and orderly location of streets connecting the main centers of distribution with each other and by providing a serviceable system of secondary streets so that every part of the city may be easily and quickly reached from these main centers; (3) by adequate street widths and a skilful and economical subdivision of any given width into roadway and sidewalks; (4) by a careful study of street grades and the elimination or reduction of unnecessarily heavy ones; (5) by raising the standard of street pavement and the use of more discrimination in the paving of streets so as to fit them for the kind of traffic passing over them; (6) by the separating of the grades of streets for ordinary vehicles from the grades of railroads crossing the same; (7) by the compilation and use in city planning and replanning of accurate data showing the quantity, character and weight of vehicles and the speed and size of the same, together with the various routes used between the different distributing centers; (8) by the better utilization of the country trolley and the city street car lines. In all these ways and in others closely related to them, the planning of towns and cities may be made an effective means in reducing the cost of living.

The literature on streets in connection with city planning is now quite extensive. Special mention should be made of the article of B, A. Haldeman on "The Planning of City Streets," in the Proceedings of the Engineers Club of Philadelphia, 1913; Nelson P. Lewis's paper on "Street Widths and Their Subdivision," Proceedings of the National Conference on dty Planning, 191 1; the report of Frederick Law Olmsted on "Pittsburgh Main Thoroughfares and the Down Town District," 1911; and the comprehensive volume of Charles Mulford Robinson on "City Planning" with special reference to the planning of streets and lots, 1916.